TERATOLOGY 



TESTUDlNARIA 



1785 



ose. Indeed, all parts of the flower, even to the ovules, 

 may appear as green leaves of more or less irregular 

 shapes. To this category belong the so-called green 

 roses, which are not uncommon. 



IV. CONCRESCENCE. The actual union of parts may 

 take place in the course of their development, though 

 usually the apparent unions are to be explained quite 

 otherwise (see Flower, p. 592), also Fig. 2489 (after 

 Dudley). 



The above include only the more common malforma- 

 tions, but on account of the extreme sensitiveness of 

 plants to their environment and their great plasticity, 

 all kinds of strange and curious deformities are pos- 

 sible. Malformations have little or no significance in 

 elucidating the obscure problems connected with the 

 historical origins of organs, or with their homologies, 

 though many arguments, more ingenious than sound, have 

 been based upon them. 



The most important 

 general works are the fol- 

 lowing: Moquin-Tandon, 

 "Elements de teVatologie 

 ve'ge'tal," Paris, 1841; 

 Masters," Vegetable Ter- 

 atology," London, 1869; 

 Penzig, "Pttanzen - tera- 

 tologie," Genoa, 1890-4; 

 in the latter the whole literature to date 

 is cited. CHARLES REID BARNES. 



TEREBINTH TREE. 



2'erebi)itint>i. 



See Pistacia 



TERMINALLY (alluding to the leaves 

 being borne on the terminus of the shoot). 

 Combretacew. Nearly 100 trees or shrubs, 

 with mostly opposite leaves which are 

 sometimes crowded at the tops of the 

 branches, giving them a whorled appear- 

 ance. The flowers are small and sessile, mostly 

 green or white, borne mostly in long spikes, per- 

 fect or polygamo-dioecious; petals none; calyx 

 tubular and constricted above the ovary, the upper 

 part urn-shaped or bell-shaped and 5-lobed ; sta 

 mens 10, in 2 series: ovary 1, with a long style, 

 1-loculed. The fruit is a compressed winged nut- 

 like body contain- 

 ing a large and 

 often edible seed. 

 Terminalias are tropi- 

 cal plants, chiefly of 

 the Old World. One of 

 them, T. Catappa, is 

 widely cultivated in 

 tropical countries. Two 

 other names have ap- 

 peared in the American 

 trade : T. elegans , 

 which is Polys cias 

 paniculata ; and T. 

 elliptica, which is un- 

 known to the writer 

 and which is very likely 

 to belong to some other 

 genus. 



Catappa, Linn. TROP- 

 ICAL ALMOND. DEME- 

 RARA ALMOND. MYRO- 

 BALAN. Fig. 2490. Tall 

 deciduous tree (some- 



times 80 ft>)> with 

 leaves and branches in 



horizontal whorls or 

 layers: Ivs. broadly 

 obovate - obtuse, the 

 narrow base slightly 

 3487. Normal columbine flower, auricled or cordate, 

 with spurs present. simple and entire, very 



short-petioled, 6-9 in. 



long: spikes solitary from the axils, not exceeding the 

 leaves: fls. greenish white, the upper ones staminate 

 and the lower ones perfect: fr. almond-shaped, IK in. 

 or less long, 2-edged, indehiscent, glabrous, with a hard 



2488. Transformation of organs in a tulip flower, 



shell, containing an edible meat. Asia, but widely cult. 

 B.M. 3004. Cult, in South Florida. Useful both as a 

 street tree and for its filbert-flavored nuts. The nuts 

 are eaten either raw or roasted. Foliage is usually 

 brilliant in autumn. As seen in the market, the outer 

 brown skin or covering of the nuts is often removed. 

 T. Catappa is sometimes called "Olive -Bark Tree." 

 The tree is extensively planted in Porto Rico, where the 

 nuts are called "almonds." L jj. jj. 



TERN8TRCEMIA (Christopher Ternstrwm, Swedish 

 naturalist; traveled in China, died 1745). Ternstrcemi- 

 acece. About 25 species of tender evergreen trees and 

 shrubs mostly native of tropical America, a few being 

 native to Asia and the Malay Archipelago. They have 

 shining, leathery foliage and small, white, 5-petaled, 

 drooping flowers, which are solitary or clustered in the 

 axils and borne on unbranched peduncles. Other ge- 

 neric characters: sepals 5; petals 

 connate at the base ; stamens num- 

 erous: ovary 2-3-loculed; locules 

 2-ovuled : fr. indehiscent. The 

 following species is offered by im- 

 porters of Japanese plants. 



Jap6nica, Thunb. (Cleyera Ja- 

 vdnica, Thunb.). Small tree or 

 shrub, 10-12 ft. high: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, short-stalked, entire, obovate- 

 oblong or oblong, glabrous, feather- 

 veined: fls. clustered: berries about 

 the size of peas. Japan. 

 S.Z. 1:81. w. M. 



This rather showy and 

 interesting evergreen 

 shrub of dense bushy 

 growth is flourishing 

 finely in the writer's gar- 

 den in Florida, in com- 

 pany with other choice 

 shrubs and trees intro- 

 duced into this country 

 from Japan and China. 

 The Ternstrosmia grows 

 well in light, rich soil 

 and attains finally the habit of a small, bushy tree. 

 The young leaves have a reddish color, which changes 

 to a dark glossy green when reaching their full size. 

 My plants, raised from seed in the greenhouse and 

 planted out in the garden when about ten inches high, 

 have attained a height of six feet in five years. The 

 plants have not yet flowered, but they seem to revel in 

 the climate of Florida, being neither influenced by the 

 occasional frosts in winter aor by the heavy rains in 

 summer. In poor soil the color of the leaves has a yel- 

 lowish hue, but as soon as they have received their 

 share of bone or cottonseed meal they change to a fine 

 deep green. H. NEHRLING. 



TERRACE. Consult Landscape Gardening. 



TESTUDlNARIA (name explained below). Dioscora- 

 cece. The HOTTENTOT'S BREAD, TORTOISE PLANT or ELE- 

 PHANT'S FOOT, is a curious South African plant with a 

 great globular yam-like bulb or rootstock which some- 

 times attains a diameter of 1-3 ft. and a weight of a 

 hundred pounds. Half of this rootstock lies above 

 ground and looks something like the back of a tortoise, 

 whence the generic name Testudinaria. The popular 

 name "Elephant's Foot" refers to the uncouth and rnas- 



2489. Leaves 

 and fruits of 

 Mitchella 

 grown togeth 

 Natural size. 



Example of con- 

 crescence. 



