1792 



THALICTRUM 



the three angles, stipitate. Summer. Mts. of E. China. 

 B.M. 7152. G.C. III. 8: 125. -A close ally of T. Cheli- 

 donii of the Himalayas so much admired in Europe. 



Well worth introduc- 

 tion. 



11. occidentale, Gray. 

 Allied to T. dioicum, 

 which it closely resem- 

 bles, but it is more ro- 

 bust and taller: Ivs. 

 glandular -puberulent: 

 akenes long, slender, 

 thin - walled, 2-edged, 

 ribbed, not furrowed. 



12. F6ndleri,Engelm. 

 Fig. 2494. A variable 

 species. Plants 1-3 ft. 

 high, rather stout and 

 leafy: Ivs. four to five 

 times pinnatifld, upper 

 stem-lvs. sessile; Ifts. 

 rather firm, ovate to 

 orbicular, usually with 

 many shallow rounded 

 or acuminate lobes ; 

 bases variable : fls. di- 

 oacious, in rather com- 

 pact panicles; stamens 

 many, anthers long : 

 akenes nearly sessile, 

 obliquely ovate, flat- 

 tened, 3-4 ribs on each 

 face. July, Aug. W. 

 Texas to Montana. 



13. polycarpum, Wat- 

 son. Allied to T. Fend- 

 leri: glabrous through- 

 out: Ifts. long-petioled. 

 fls. dioecious, in rather 



2494. Thalictrum Fendleri (X %). close panicles: akenes 



larger, in a dense glo- 

 bose head, short-stalked, obovoid, turgid, tapering into 

 reflexed styles. Summer. Sandy streams, Calif, to 

 Columbia river. g Q DAVIS. 



THAMNOCALAMUS. See Bamboo, p. 127. 



THAMN6PTERIS (Greek, bushy fern). Polypodi- 

 dcece. A genus of simple - leaved ferns growing in 

 crowns, sometimes united with Asplenium. The elon- 

 gate indusia are in parallel rows on the veins of the 

 banana-like Ivs., often extending nearly to the margins. 

 The veins are free below but are united at the apex by 

 a transverse intramarginal vein. 



Nidus, Presl. (Asplenium and Thamndpteris Nidus- 

 Avis, Hort.). BIRD'S NEST FERN. Lvs. bright green, 

 growing in a crown, 2-4 ft. long, 3-9 in. wide, the mid- 

 rib rounded and usually green. Japan, East Indies. T. 

 strictum, Hort. (Asplene'ndrium strictum, Hort.), is a 

 more slender, upright form said to be a garden hybrid 

 between T. Nidus and Sclopendrium crispum. 



T. Australasicum, Hook. Differs from the above in 

 its midrib, which is keeled on the back and often black. 

 Sometimes regarded as a variety. Australia. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



THASPIUM (name a play upon Thapsia, another 

 genus of the same family). Umbelliferce. MEADOW 

 PARSNIP. A genus of 3 species of hardy perennial 

 herbs of eastern North America with ternately divided 

 leaves (or the lower undivided), and terminal umbels 

 of yellow or purplish flowers. 



aureum, Nutt. Stem branched, 1% ft. high: root-lvs. 

 mostly cordate; stem-lvs. ternate; Ifts. ovate to lan- 

 ceolate, serrate: fls. yellow. June, July. Var. trifoli- 

 atum, Coult. & Rose, with crenate Ivs. or Ifts., is a com- 

 mon western form. Var. atropurpureum, Coult. & Rose, 

 fls. dark purple. The species is of easy culture in any 

 ordinary soil. In the wild state the plant grows in at 

 least partial shade. Well-grown plants, especially of 

 var. atropurpureum, make attractive specimens. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 



THEOBROMA 

 THEA. See Tea and Camellia. 



THELESPEKMA (Greek, wart, seed,- the seeds are 

 often papillose). Compositce. A genus of about 8 spe- 

 cies of annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby at the 

 base, native to the extra-tropical regions of North and 

 South America. They are smooth herbs with aspect of 

 Coreopsis, with much cut leaves and long pedunculate 

 flower-heads, typically yellow rays and yellow, some- 

 times purplish or brownish, disk-flowers. The genus 

 may be separated from Coreopsis by the form of the 

 involucre, which is in 2 series of bracts with the inner 

 series united to about the middle into a cup, while in 

 Coreopsis the 2 series are distinct and united only at 

 the very base. The seeds, especially the outer ones of 

 the head, in Thelesperma are often tuberculate. 



hybridum, Voss (Cosmidium Burridgeanum, Hort.). 

 Fig. 2495. A hardy annual, 1% ft. high, a hybrid of T. 

 filifolium and Coreopsis tinctoria, from the latter of 

 which it acquires the brown-purple color of its rays. 

 Lvs. bipinnately divided into filiform lobes not wider 



bipinnately 

 than the stem. 



F. W. BARCLAY. 



2495. Thelesperma hybridum (flower X %). 



THEOBROMA. Commercial Cacao or "Cocoa" is pro- 

 duced by trees belonging to the Linnaean genus Theo- 

 broma. The estates devoted to its culture are usually 

 known as "Cacao plantations" and are largely on the 

 increase in all suitable climates, owing to the increased 

 demand for the manufactured article in the different 

 forms in which it is now prepared for consumption. 

 The larger proportion of commercial Cacao is produced 

 by Theobroma Cacao. Other species native to central 

 America and the West Indies are T, pentagona, T. spe- 



