1822 



TOOLS 



TORREYA 



tained effort in that direction is Thomas' "Farm Im- 

 plements and Machinery," 1859 and 1869. Useful hand- 

 books illustrating various farm devices are "Farm Con- 

 veniences " and Martin's "Farm Appliances," both pub- 

 lished by the Orange Judd Company. L. H. B. 



2531. Two types of tools for preparing the surface soil. 

 The spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrows. 



TOOTHACHE TREE. See Xanthoxylum. 

 TOOTHWORT. English-made name for Dentaria. 

 TORCH LILY. Kniphofia 



TORENIA (after Olaf Toren, clergyman; traveled in 

 China 1750-52 and discovered T. Asiatica). Scrophula- 

 riacece. About 20 species of annual or perennial herbs, 

 mostly low, branching and somewhat decumbent, with 

 simple, opposite, serrate or crenate leaves and tubular, 

 somewhat 2dipped flowers in terminal or axillary, few- 

 fld. racemes. The species are mainly from tropical 

 Asia and Africa. Calyx tubular, plicate or 3-5 winged, 

 obliquely 3-5-dentate or 2-lipped at the top; corolla- 

 tube cylindrical, usually much wider above; posterior 

 lip erect, broad, concave, notched or more deeply cut; 

 lower lip large, spreading, with 3 nearly equal lobes; 

 stamens 4, perfect: capsule oblong; seeds numerous, 

 small. 



Torenias are of easy cultivation and are very useful 

 for window-boxes, low borders or even for large masses. 

 The flowers are not large but the plants are floriferous 

 and keep in good leaf and flowers from spring to frost. 

 T. Fournieri has the best habit for a bedding plant, 

 but it may be bordered with T. flava. The plants are 

 asily raised from seed, but may also be grown from 

 cuttings, which root quickly. 



2532. The hand-wheel hoe. 



2533. A hand s -ed-sower. 



A. Fls. mainly yellow. 



flava, Bueh.-Ham. (T. Bailloni, Godefr.). Usually 

 decumbent and creeping: Ivs. 1-2 in. long, ovate to ob- 

 long, coarsely crenate; petiole half as long as the blade 

 tvr less: fls. axillary and solitary or scattered at the 

 ends of the branches in pairs on an erect rachia; co- 



rolla-tube red -purple above, yellow beneath; corella 

 limb bright golden yellow with a purple eye. India and 

 E.Asia. B.M. 6700. F. 1883:55. 



AA. Fls. mainly blue or white. 



Asiatica, Linn. Annual, erect or diffuse: stem quad- 

 rangular: Ivs. ovate or ovate - lanceolate, long -acumi- 

 nate, serrate, obtuse, not cordate at the base, rough to 

 the touch: peduncles axillary, single-fld. : corolla large; 

 tube dark purple; limb 4-lobed, of a delicate pale pur- 

 ple-blue, with a dark blotch on 3 of the lobes, without a 

 yellow eye; stamens 4, the 2 longer with a subulate 

 spur. India. B.M. 4249. 



Fournieri, Linden (T. edentula, Hort., not Benth.). 

 Fig. 2534. Low, bushy, usually annual, becoming nearly 

 1ft. high: stem 4-angled: Ivs. petioled, cordate-lanceo- 

 late, 1-1^2 in. long, crenate-serrate; petiole % in. long; 

 corolla-tube narrow, yellow; corolla-limb 2-lipped, the 

 posterior lip not cut, pale blue, the anterior 3-lobed: 

 lobes round obtuse, dark purplish blue, the anterior 

 lobe marked with a yellow blotch. I.H. 23:249. R.H. 

 1876, p. 465. B.M. 6747. Var. alba, Hort. (var. White 

 Wings) has pure white flowers. A. F. 5:401. G.M. 36:87. 

 Var. grandiflora has somewhat larger fls. and is more 

 free-flowering. In the neighborhood of Philadelphia, 

 self-sown seed sometimes germinates in the spring ; 

 also seeds of T. flava. Y. W. BARCLAY. 



Torenia Fournieri in Florida is an excellent substi- 

 tute for the pansy, which is cultivated only with diffi- 

 culty so far south. Young plants come up by the hun- 

 dreds around the old 

 plants from self-sown 

 seed during the rainy 

 season. The species 

 can also be propagated 

 with great ease by cut- 

 tings. The Torenia 

 shows its full beauty 

 when planted in beds 

 or borders or in masses 

 in front of small ever- 

 green shrubs. It flow- 

 ers abundantly 

 throughout the sum- 

 mer, and even late in 

 fall isolated flowers 

 may be found. The 

 best results are ob- 

 tained by treating it 

 as an annual. Any 

 good and rich light 

 soil seems to meet its 

 requirements. It suc- 

 ceeds almost every- 

 where but prefers 

 shade and moisture. 2534 ' T r ema Fournieri. 



It even grows luxuri- Detached flower (X%). 



antly in wet places 



along ditches and water-courses where forget-me-nots 

 grow in the North. If such localities, however, are very 

 shady, the flowers, though much larger, are neither pro- 

 duced as abundantly nor are they colored so brightly as 

 in sunny situations. On the other hand, it is sometimes 

 found in such dry positions, where only cacti and yuc- 

 cas manage to live, that one can scarcely understand 

 how it is able to succeed. In good soil the Torenia 

 attains a height of from 8 to 10 inches, and when 

 planted about 8 inches apart soon cover the ground en- 

 tirely. There is already a great variety in colors, but 

 the typical plant has beautiful light blue and royal 

 purple flowers, with a bright yellow throat, in texture 

 rivaling the most exquisite velvet. jj_ NEHRLING 



TORNILLO. See Prosopls jmbescens. 



TORRJSYA (after Dr. John Torrey, one of the most 

 distinguished of the earlier American botanists: 1796- 

 1873). Syn., Tumion, Caryotdxus. Coniferce. Orna- 

 mental evergreen trees, with spreading, usually whorled 

 branches, clothed with yew-like, two-ranked, dark green 

 foliage; the fruits are drupe-like and about 1 in. long. 

 The Torreyas are but little known in cultivation and 

 rarely seen in a flourishing condition. The southern 



