1832 



TRANSPLANTING 



vious to moving, all or part way around the tree at a 

 diameter less than the size of the ball to be moved, is 

 beneficial. With very large balls, freezing aids in keep- 

 ing the soil solid, although it destroys the fine roots 

 outside the ball. 



Evergreens may J>e moved any month in the year. In 

 June and July, the new growth is likely to wilt more 

 than in August, after it has hardened. It is well to pro- 

 tect from deep freezing and drying winds in winter. 



HENRY HICKS. 



Another View of Transplanting Large Trees. The 

 modern demand for immediate effect in landscape work 

 has been met by the successful transplanting of large 

 trees. The method employed about Chicago differs 

 somewhat from that in vogue in the east. This is due 

 to a considerable degree to the condition of the soil in 

 which the trees are found. 





near the apex. The fruit is about % in. across and has 

 4 spiiiescent angles. It is roasted and eaten in some 

 parts of Europe like the common chestnut. The Indian 

 species, T. bispinosa, is said to yield very large and 

 sweet nuts which are commonly sold in the East under 

 the name of Singhara Nut. The name Trapa is abbre- 

 viated from calcitrapa, which is the same as caltrops, 

 an instrument of war used to impede the progress of 

 mounted warriors. It had 4 spine-like projections, like 

 the fruit of the Water Caltrops. 



Generic characters: fls. small, axillary, solitary, 

 short-peduncled: calyx 4-parted, the segments persist- 

 ent, sometimes spinescent; petals and stamens 4: 

 ovary 2-loculed; ovules solitary, long, pendulous, af- 

 fixed to the septum: fr. top-shaped, leathery or some- 

 what bony, 1-loculed, 1-seeded. About 5 species, native 

 to the warmer parts of the eastern hemisphere. 



2550. Diagram to show how and where the digging is begun. 



Select a shapely tree with well-balanced crown and 

 which has stood in the open so that all its branches are 

 equally thrifty. A bushy top is preferred that the 

 necessary amount of trimming can be done by thinning 

 out whole branches and not disturbing the terminal 

 shoots, thus preserving the original outline of the tree. 

 Crowded forest trees are too tall and it is difficult to 

 get the sap to carry to the top. 



A light sandy soil often produces fibrous roots spread- 

 ing over a large area, but this generally slips off in 

 transplanting and, if frozen, cracks badly when the ball 

 is rolled. When resetting a tree, care must be taken to 

 sift in new soil between the fine hair-roots and get it in 

 direct contact with each rootlet, because if crowded to- 

 gether the roots are likely to rot. When practicable, it is 

 undoubtedly best to move the roots in their native soil. 

 A hard ball can be rolled at will and easily supports the 

 weight of the trunk, Vhich otherwise would crush the 

 roots when rolled or handled. The prevailing soil about 

 Chicago is two feet of rich black loam and a subsoil of 

 clay. This is ideal for giving plenty of fibrous roots 

 near the trunk, and a body to the ball of earth encasing 

 the roots, without waiting for the ground to freeze. 

 This allows a longer planting season and makes it easy 

 to have loose soil to tamp around the tree. 



After the tree has been dug loose, rock back and 

 forth, filling under it each time with soil, until the 

 whole ball is standing flush with the surface. It de- 

 pends upon the weight of the load what style of a 

 wagon is to be used. A hardwood tree of thirty inches 

 in diameter weighs, with proper ball, about fifteen tons. 

 This is the limit of practical construction for a low-hung 

 stone truck. Simply pull the tree over and rest it on the 

 high support over the rear axle and with block and 

 tackle roll the ball on the wagon. When at the desired 

 location roll off again, letting} the ball rest on the ground 

 before dropping into the hole. A counter check should 

 be maintained to keep the tree always under control. 

 Straighten up and thoroughly tamp so as to anchor it 

 well and the work is complete. WM. A. PETERSON. 



TRAPA (name explained below). Onagracece. Trapa 

 natans, the WATER CHESTNUT or WATER CALTROPS, 

 is an interesting plant for the aquarium. It has two 

 kinds of leaves. The submerged ones are root-like, 

 long, slender and feathery. The floating Ivs. form a 

 loose rosette. The leaf-stalks are swollen and spongy 



natans, Linn. WATER CHESTNUT. WATER CALTROPS. 

 JESUIT'S NUT. Petiole of floating Ivs. 2-4 in. long, 

 nearly glabrous: blade rhombic-orbicular, dentate in 

 upper half, slightly villous along the nerves beneath: 

 fr. 4-spined, but the 2 lateral ones shorter. Eu., Orient. 

 Gn. 24, p. 557. G.C. II. 10:212. B.R. 3:259. 



bispinosa, Roxb. SINGHARA NUT. Petiole of floating 

 Ivs. 4-G in. long, woolly: blade 2x3 in., slightly crenate 

 in the upper half, very villous beneath: fr. % in. thick, 

 with 2 of the spines sometimes absent. India, Ceylon. 



W. M. 



Trapa natans is one of the daintiest aquatics in 

 cultivation. It is perfectly hardy and very desirable for 

 aquaria, pools, ponds or tub culture. Its beautifully 

 mottled or variegated foliage is very attractive. The 

 flowers are white, small and inconspicuous. The fruits 

 are very large in comparison with the flowers and leaves, 

 but they are hidden beneath the foliage until they 

 ripen, when they drop off. They are good to eat raw, 

 like chestnuts, and are sweeter and more palatable 

 before the shell becomes hard. The nut is not likely to 

 become of commercial importance in America. The 

 seeds drop from the plant and remain in the pond all 

 winter. WM. THICKER. 



TKAUTVETTfiRIA (Trautvetter, a Russian botanist). 

 HanunculacecR. A genus of but two species of North 

 America and eastern Asia. Tall, erect, perennial herbs: 

 Ivs. broad, palmately lobed : fls. white, small, corymbose- 

 paniculate; sepals 3 to 5, caducous; petals none; carpels 

 many, forming 1-seeded akenes. Very hardy, thriving 

 in ordinary or rich soil. Propagated by division of 

 roots. Offered by dealers in native plants. 



Carolin6nsis, Vail. (Hydrdstis Carolininsis, Walt. 

 T. palmata, Fisch. & Mey.). Stems 2-3 feet high: Ivs. 

 alternate, reticulated, radical ones very large, with 

 lobes much toothed and cut. July. Pa. , south and west. 

 B.M. 1630 (as Cimicifnga palmata). 



grandis, Nutt. (Actaia palmata, Hook. A. grdndis, 

 Dietr. ). Much like the above species. Lvs. membran- 

 aceous, more deeply lobed, often to the base, thin, 

 sparsely hairy beneath along the ribs; reticulations less 

 distinct: styles longer and somewhat curled. Wash., 

 Idaho, Brit. Col. K. C. DAVIS. 



TRAVELER'S JOY. Clematis vilalba. 



