TREES 



Magnolia. M. grandiflora is justly considered the 



glory of southern broad-leaved evergreen trees. There 



are many forms, based on the size and shape of the 



leaves and the flowers. The superb white flowers, which 



are seen from May until August and occasionally upon 



some trees as late as October, vary from 4 to 12 inches 



in diameter. Thrives as far north as Washington, D. (J. 



M. glauca has white flowers 2 to 3 inches in diameter 



and delightfully fragrant. Osmuntluts fragrans, var. 



r uber and O. Aqui folium, var. ilicifoliits, can be trained 



to single stem. The flowers of the first are delicately 



fragrant and produced twice 



a year. Pet-sea Carol i- 



nensis. Planted for shade 



in rich soils in the coast 



belt. Pliotinia serrulata, 



or Chinese Evergreen 



Thorn, has white flowers and 



dark red autumn foliage. 



Primus Carolinensis. 



Known south as Carolina 



Cherry, Carolina Laurel, 



Mock Orange, etc. One of 



the most ornamental south- 

 ern trees. Quercus Suber. 



Acorns were distributed by 



the U. S. Patent Office in 



I860 and many large trees 



are now found in several 



sections of the South, where 

 they have fruited. Some 



small plantations are made 



for the purpose of produc- 

 ing cork. It grows well in 

 comparatively poor and 

 stony soils. Sabal Pal- 

 tni'tto is now freely used for 

 street and avenue planting 

 on the coast. It is conspic- 

 uous for its tropical appear- 

 ance. It is not successful 

 further than 40 miles from 

 the seashore. 



III. CONIFERS OR NAR- 

 ROW - LEAVED EVERGREENS. 

 Abies. Of this section few 

 specimens are found below 

 the Piedmont region. Oc- 

 casionally the Norway 

 spruce grows to a moderate 

 size. Cedrns Deodara. An 

 admirable tree and of rapid 

 growth, 40 to 50 feet. C. 

 Atlantica. 25 to 30 feet. 

 Cmni i ti <j It a m in Sinens is. 

 Foliage resembles an Arau- 

 tttrl&. Cupressus. C. sent- 

 pervirens has many forms, from the compact, spiral or 

 shaft-like shape to more spreading habit. C. Lusitanica 

 or Cypress of Goa, has numerous forms with foliage of an 

 ashy green and pendulous branches, to others of a more 

 dark tint and rigid form. Of Chamcecyparis Laivsoniana 

 there are endless forms, from a compact, erect habit 

 and vivid green foliage to those of open or pendulous 

 shape and with glaucous or golden foliage. C. funebris 

 has varied less in its seedlings. Junipems. The 

 Irish Juniper is of fine pyramidal form, and reaches a 

 height of 15 feet. J. excelsa, Chinensis and thurifera 

 differ in die tint of their foliage and are all of tall growth. 

 Libocedrus decurrens. The California arbor-vite, 

 with its graceful feathery foliage and conical shape, is 

 one of the most ornamental of conifers. Pinus. Few 

 of the exotic species are suitable to the South. Pinus 

 e.r<-<'/x(i f or Bhotan Pine, is undoubtedly the best adapted 

 to the middle South of all kinds. Setinispora is a 

 valuable group of Japanese Cypress, but with the ex- 

 ception of R. obtuxa, Fullerii, plumosa and squarrosa 



I'i'ifclii;, all arc of dwarf habit. Thuya. The Asiatic 

 section is better adapted to the middle South than the 

 American species. Of the former the best forms are 

 known to nurseries as liinta pyramidal is and var. 

 aural, reaching a height of 15 to 18 feet. B. Japotiirn, 

 Tar. fi li form is (Thuya orietitd tin) is a remarkable va- 



116 



thread - like 



TREES 1839 



and compact habit to 10 



In the foregoing list of Conifer no mention is made 

 of species or varieties of low or shrub-like growth such 

 as Podocarpus, Cephalotaxus, Thuyopals, and Sciado- 

 pitys, of which there are many good specimens in 

 various parts of the south. Araucarias are also 

 omitted, owing to their liability of failure from ex- 

 treme heat or other unfavorable climatic conditions 

 Ibis applies also to Sequoia, and Frenelas (properly 

 Callitns); these frequently make an extraordinarily 



2556. Picturesque old apple trees. 



rapid growth until late in autumn, and are often injured 

 by a cold wave early in winter. P> j. BERCKMAJJS. 



Trees on the Great Plains. The Plains are not abso- 

 lutely treeless, as strangers often suppose, but the whole 

 vast area is dotted here and there with small groves, or 

 narrow belts which fringe the borders of the streams. 

 The number of native species, however, is much 

 smaller than in the rich tree flora of the northeastern 

 United States. The number of species cultivated for 

 shade and ornament, for a long time, at least, must be 

 relatively small owing to climatic and other causes. In 

 general the people of the Plains are necessarily more 

 interested at present in planting trees for profit than 

 for pleasure, but in the older parts are already to be 

 found many fine public parks and private grounds. To 

 a large extent, however, their point of view is that of 

 forestry rather than horticulture. 



In studying the forest trees of the Great Plains of 

 central North America we find that most of the species 

 have migrated out upon the Plains from the great for- 

 est body of the Mississippi valley. These trees found 

 their way upon the Plains by way of the forests which 

 border the Missouri river and its tributaries. As we 

 pass down the river, along the ea-irrn edge of the 

 Plains, the forest belt becomes larger and larger, until 



