TRICYRTIS 



in which it is the only genus with a septicidal capsule 

 Monographed in Latin by J. U. Baker in Journ. Linn. 

 Soc. 17:403 (1880). In this account the Ivs. of T. IHH <><>- 

 poda are said not to be stem-clasping, but in B.M. 5 :::>:, 

 they are described and figured as stem-clasping. 



All the names given below are American trade names, 

 except T. flu rn, Formosana and latifolia. The writer 

 has been tempted to include these, partly because there 

 has been no account in English of all the species, but 

 chiefly because they are desirable plants likely to come 

 into cultivation. 



A. Base of h's. not stem-clasping 1. Formosana 



AA. Huxe of Irx. cluxpiny the stem. 



B. Stempilose, u-tth spreading hairs. 2. hirta 

 BB. Stem not prominently Jiuiry, pu- 

 berulous or very sliyJit/y pilose. 



c. Fls. yellow, unspotted 3. flava 



cc. Fls. spotted, not yellow. 



D. Spots ratlier large 4. pilosa 



DD. Spots minute. 



E. Style as long as the, stigmas. 5. latifolia 

 EE. Style half as long as stigmas. 6. macropoda 



Formosana, Baker. Stem flexuous, 1 ft. high: Ivs. 

 sessile, oblanceolate, wedge-shaped at the base: fls. few- 

 ill a lax corymb, whitish purple, scarcely spotted. 'For- 

 mosa. Unique by reason of its Ivs. not being stem- 

 clasping. 



hirta, Hook. (T. Jap6nica, Miq.). Fig. 2569. Stem 

 1-3 ft. high, everywhere clad with soft, whitish, spread- 

 ing hairs: fls. 6-15, racemose or subcorymbose, whitish, 

 the outer segments covered with rather large purple 

 spots. Wide-spread in- the woods of Japan B M 

 5355. Gn. 30, p. 431; 49:1062. V. 12:204. -Var. nigra' 

 Hort. (T. nigra, Hort.), has black instead of purple 

 spots. Gn. 49:1062. A form with variegated Ivs. was 

 once offered by Pitcher & Mandn. 



TR1 FOLIUM 



L86] 



2S69. Tricyrtis hirta (X Y*). 



flava, Maxim. Stem dwarf: Ivs. oblong -lanceolate: 

 fls. racemose, yellow, not spotted. Seen by Maximo- 

 wicz in the gardens of Yedo only. 



pildsa. Wall. Stem 2-4 ft. high, very slightly pilose: 

 Ivs. oblong: fle. numerous, loosely corymbose, whitish, 

 witli large purple spots; style half as Jong as the stig- 

 mas. Himalayas, 5,000-6,000 ft. B.M. 4955 (perianth- 

 Segments narrow, oblong). F.8. 12:1219. 



latifolia, Maxim. Stem glabrous, flexuous, 2-3 ft 

 high: Ivs. broadly oblong or the uppermost ovate: fls' 

 few ma terminal corymb, whitish, with minute purple 

 spots; style as long as the stigmas. Japan. 



macrtpoda, Miquel. Stem 2-3 ft. high, puberulou* 

 above: Ivs. oblong: fls. in a loose corymb, whitish pur- 

 ple, with minute purple spots: style half as long as the 

 stigmas. Blooms in June and July, according to J. B 

 Keller. Japan, China. B.M. 6544 (segments broadly 

 ovate, decidedly yellow, spotted red and veined red 

 near tips). -In F.S. 18:1820 is figured a plant with ses- 

 sile Ivs. striated with white, and no fls., which he refers 

 to f. macropoda. This was sent out by Van Houtte as 

 1. hirstita, but it is a glabrous plant and probably lost 

 to cultivation. 



T. grandiflbra, Hort., should be compared with T. hirta, var 

 nigra. It is a name scarcely known to botany. Ellwanger& 

 Barry say it has orchid-like, fragrant fls. in Oct. and Nov 

 (Baker says the genus has no fragrant fls.) Krelage says that 

 T. grandiflora has white fls. mottled with black. -yf jj 



TEIENTALIS (Latin for the third of a foot; refer- 

 ring to the height of the plant). Primulacetx. STAB 

 FLOWER. CHICKWEED-WINTEKGREEN. A genus of two 

 species of low, glabrous, hardy perennial herbs: stems 

 simple, with small scales on leaves below and a whorl- 

 like cluster of larger, nearly sessile leaves at the sum- 

 mit, from the axils of which in spring the star-like 

 white or pink flowers are borne singly on slender pe- 

 duncles. Sometimes grown in wild garden borders 



A. Lvs. acuminate at both ends. 

 Americana, Pursh. Stem naked below, 5-9-lvd. at the 

 summit: Ivs. lanceolate: divisions of the white corolla 

 finely acuminate. Damp woods, Labrador to Va. V. 

 8:380. 



AA. Lvs. obtuse (acute in var. latifolia). 

 Europaea, Linn. Stem either naked or with a few 

 scattered Ivs. below the cluster of obovate or lanceolate, 

 oblong, obtuse or abruptly somewhat pointed Ivs.: di- 

 visions of the white or pink corolla abruptly acuminate 

 or mucronate. Alaska, Eu. and Asia. Var. arctica, 

 Ledeb. Dwarf: Ivs. 1 in. long, decreasing below: corolltr 

 white. Var. latifolia, Torr. Stem naked below the clus- 

 ter of 4-7 oblong-obovate, or oval, mostly acute Ivs. : 

 corolla, white to rose-red. Woods, western California 

 to Vancouver's Island. p ^ BARCLAY 



TKIFdLIUM (name refers to the three leaflets). Le- 

 r/HHii name. CLOVER. Trifolium is a large genus, com- 

 prising between 200 and 300 species, most abundant in 

 the north temperate zone. They are low herbs, with 

 digitately 3-foliolate (rarely 5-7-foliolate) Ivs., stipules 

 adnate to the base of the petiole, and small papiliona- 

 ceous flowers mostly in dense terminal heads or spikes. 

 The calyx is 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth sometimes 

 connate; petals 5, mostly withering rather than falling, 

 more or less adnate to the base of the stamen-tube; 

 stamens 9 and 1: ovary small, ripening into a little 

 few-seeded, mostly indehiscent pod. The flowers are 

 usually in shades of red and running into white, rarely 

 yellow. 



The Clovers are very important agricultural plants, 

 but they have little distinctly horticultural value except 

 as cover-crops and green manures. See Clover, p. 337. 

 For the role of Clovers as nitrogen-fixers, see Legumes, 

 p. 897. The species described below are offered mostly 

 as forage plants. Many (Movers are perennial, although 

 they are of relatively short life, so that frequent resow- 

 ing is necessary if plants are to be kept in robust con- 

 dition. Some of the species are annual, and these tend 

 to become weeds. All are propagated readily by means 

 of seeds; but as the seeds are small and oily, they may 

 not germinate well in dry, hot soils. Three annual yel- 

 low-flowered species are weeds in some parts, particu- 

 larly in the East, where they have been introduced from 

 Europe: T. agrarium, Linn., Yellow or Hop Clover, 

 with oblong-obovate sessile Ifts. ; T. procumbent, Linn., 

 Low Hop Clover, more spreading, Ifts. obovate and the 

 terminal one stalked; T, dfilnnm, Sibth., with Ifts. 

 truncate or emarginate at apex and the terminal one 

 stalked. A silky-pubescent white-fld. annual species, 

 from Europe, T. an-ense, Linn., is the Rabbit-foot 



