TROLLIUS 



oeak one-fourth as long: head of fruit % in across 

 Bogs and damp places, Mich, to New Eng. and Del 

 May-July or Aug. B.M. 1988. B.C. 56 (both as T 

 Amerieanuii). 



Var. albifldrus, Gray. (T. Americans, Hook.) Much 

 like the type but usually lower, more slender- Ifts 

 usually 5: fls. pale or white: petals nearly equaling the 

 stamens. Mountain tops, Colo., northward and west- 

 ward. 



acaulis, Lindl. Plant only 3 or 4 in. high: Ivs. as in 

 the above, or only 5-parted: fls. lemon-yellow, spreading 

 on steins hardly reaching from the ground; sepals 9,' 

 nearly lanceolate, acute, sometimes toothed; petals 

 spatulate, shorter than the stamens. Northern India. 

 B.R 129:32. 



Europaus, Linn. {T. globbsus, Lam.). Stems erect 

 15 in. or more high, often branching; lowerlvs. petioled 

 others sessile; Ifts. only 5-parted, lobed, cleft and 

 toothed, those of the root-leaves on short petioles; fls. 

 of a lemon -yellow color, solitary or in twos, 1-2 in 

 across, globular in form; sepals 10-15, ovate: petals 

 spatulate, often longer than the stamens: fr. much as 

 in T. laxus. Wet upland meadows of N. Eu. May-July. 

 Gn. 40:816. Var. Loddigesii, Hort., has deep yellow 

 fls. 



Asiaticus, Linn. Fig. 2582. Plant much like T. 

 JSuropwus, often taller, the smaller bronze-green Ivs. 

 more finely lobed and cleft, fls. a rich orange color with 

 sepals spreading. May. Siberia. B.M. 235. The blos- 

 soms of this are well suited for cut-flower purposes. 

 The plants thrive best and produce richest colors if 

 partially exposed to the sun. T. giganteus, found in 

 garden lists, is a very tall form of this species. T. 

 Japtinicus, Hort., with large orange fls. in early spring, 

 is by some referred to this species. R Q DAVIS 



TROP-iEOLUM 



1859 



growing herbs, mostly climbing, of South America 

 chiefly of the cooler parts of Peru and Chile Thly are 

 grown for their showy odd flowers The con n"n 

 species, T. rmnus and T. majus, are also grown for 

 their young pods and seeds, which are mad! into 

 pickles. The peppery-tasting 

 leaves are sometimes used 

 like cress, in salads, whence 

 the name "Indian cress" in 

 England. In America this 

 use of the plant is little 

 known. Certain kinds, par- 

 ticularly T. tuberocttm, pro- 



duce edible sub- 

 terranean tu- 

 bers. The flow- 

 ers of Tropaeo- 

 lum are very 

 irregular: se- 

 pals 5, connate 

 at the base, the 

 posterior one 

 produced into a 

 long slender 

 spur: petals 5 

 (sometimes 

 fewer by abor- 

 tion (.usually narrowed 

 into distinct claws, the 

 two upper ones smaller 

 or otherwise dissimilar 

 and inserted in the 

 mouth of the spur; 

 stamens 8, unequal, 

 with declined usually 

 curving filaments; pis- 

 til with one style and a 

 3-lobed ovary, which ripens into 

 3 1-seeded indehiscent carpels 

 (the carpels constitute the 

 "seed" of commerce). The flowers 

 yellow or orange, rarely blue or pur- 

 leaves are alternate and usually 

 though often deeply lobed or even 

 usually peltate; stipules none or very 

 species climb by means of the coil- 

 oles. For references to recent botanical literature on 

 Tropseolum, see F. Buchenau in Engler s Bot. Jahrb. 

 26, p. 580. 



TroptBolums thrive in any warm, sunny, fairly moist 

 place. The tops are tender to frost. For early effects, 

 seeds may be started indoors in pots or boxes. The 

 common climbing species are T. maju.t and T. Lob- 

 bianuin, both of which are very useful for window 

 boxes, balconies, for covering banks and walls, and for 

 growing amongst shrubbery. The common dwarf species, 

 T. minus, is earlier and usually more floriferous, and 

 is very useful for the front row in the border. T. 

 peregrinum, the Canary-bird Flower, is grown either 

 indoors or in the open. Probably most species are per- 

 ennial. Many of them are tuberous and withstand 

 some frost at the root; but the half-hardy species are 

 little known in this country. 



are usually 

 pie. The 

 simple, al- 

 dissected, 

 small. The 

 i n g peti- 



atropurpureum, 12. 

 atrosanguineum, 12. 

 azureum, 1. 

 brachyceras, 4. 

 Canariense, 9. 

 fuii liriu tu in, 11. 



INDEX. 



Jarrnttii. 3. 1 



I^iditlinl, 8. 

 Lobbianum, 11. 

 majus, 12. 

 minus. 13. 



peregrinnm. 9. 



polyphylluni, 7. 

 spefiosiim, 5. 

 tricolor. '2. 

 trieolorum, 2. 



2582. Trollius Asiaticus (X %), 



TROPJEOLUM (from Greek word for trophy: the 

 leaves are shield-shaped and the flowers helmet-shaped). 

 Gerani&cece. NASTURTIUM. About 40 species of soft- 



peiitaphyllum, 6. tuborosum, 10. 



A. Flowers blue. 



1. azureum, Miers. Very slender glasshouse cliniln-r: 

 Ivs. peltate, 5-parted nearly or quite t<> the base, into 

 narrow-obovate or oblanceolate divisions: fls. small, the 

 calyx and short spur green, the wide-spreading corolla 

 azure-blue, the petals 2-lobed or emarginate. Chile. 



