1996 



XANTHOXYLUM 



very particular as to soil ^position. Prop, by seeds 

 i species in the tropical 



and s'hrubs, with mostly 

 prickly branches : most parts, 

 particularly the fruits, emit 

 a strong aromatic odor when 

 bruised: Ivs. odd-pinnate, 3- 

 foliolate or rarely simple: fls. 

 dkEcious or polygamous, 

 small, in cymes or panicles; 

 sepals, petals and stamens 3- 

 8, sepals often wanting; pis- 

 tils 3-5: fr. composed of 1-5 

 separate small dehiscent cap- 

 sules each with 1-2 shining 

 black seeds. Several species 

 are used medicinally. The 

 wood of some W. Indian spe- 

 cies and that of the Austra- 

 lian X. brachyacanthum is 

 considered valuable. The 

 fruits of X. piperitum are 

 used like pepper in Japan. 



Americanum, Mill. ( X. frax- 

 {neu*n,Willd. X. ramiflorum, 

 Michx.). PRICKLY ASH. Fig. 

 2757. Shrub or small tree, at- 

 taining 25 ft., with prickly 



3757. Leaf of Prickly Ash. branches: Ifts. 5-11, opposite, 

 Xanthoxylum Ameiica- almost sessile, ovate, entire 

 num (X %). or crenulate, dark green 



Showing paired prickles re- above, lighter and pubescent 

 sembling stipular spines, beneath, l%-2 in. long: fls. 

 small, greenish, in axillary 



sessile cymes, appearing shortly before the Ivs.: seeds 

 black Quebec to Neb. and Va. B.B. 2:353. 



piperitum, DC. CHINESE or JAPANESE PEPPER. 

 Bushy shrub, rarely small tree: branches with slender 

 prickles: Ifts. 11-13, narrow-elliptic to elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, serrulate, glabrous, dark green and lustrous above, 

 paler beneath, %-!% in. long: fls. in terminal, rather 

 dense, umbel-like corymbs. July, Aug. Japan, Corea. 



X. ailantholdes, Sieb. & Zucc. Tree, attaining 60 ft.: 

 branches with numerous short prickles: Ivs. 1-4 ft. long; Ifts. 

 oblong-ovate, glabrous, glaucous beneath, 3-6 in. long: fls. and 

 fr. in terminal corymbs. Japan. Handsome tree. X. Bunged- 

 num, Maxim. Shrub, with stout, compressed prickles: Ivs. 

 prickly; Ifts. 7-11, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, %-!% 

 in. long: fls. and t'r. in terminal corymbs. N. China. X. Clava- 

 Herculis, Linn. (X. Carolinianum, Lam.). TOOTHACHE-TREE. 

 PEPPER-WOOD. Small tree, attaining 30 or occasionally 50 ft.: 

 Ifts. 7-17, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath when young, 

 1-2% in. long: fls. and fr. in terminal panicles. April, May. 

 S. Va. to Pla. and Tex. S.S. \: < .X.planisplnum, Sieb. & 

 Zucc. Shrub, with stout, compressed spines: Ifts. 3-5, elliptic 

 to elliptic-lanceolate, serrulate, glabrous, 1-2 in. long: fls. and 

 fr. in small panicles on short lateral branchlets. Japan. X. 

 schinifblium, Sieb. & Zucc. Shrub, with sparingly prickly 

 branches: Ifts. 13-19, elliptic-lanceolate, crenate, emarginate 

 at the apex, %-!% in. long: fls. and fr. in large, terminal co- 

 rymbs. Japan. ALFRED REHDSR. 



XENIA. The immediate influence of pollen the 

 influence on the fruit that results directly from a 

 given pollination. 



XEBANTHEMUM (Greek, dry flower: it is one of the 

 "everlastings"). Comp6sitce. There are four or five 

 species of Xeranthemum, of which X. annuum is one 

 of the oldest and best known of the "everlastings" or 

 immortelles. They are inhabitants of the Mediterranean 

 region. They are annual erect herbs, densely pubescent 

 or tomentose. The heads are rayless, but the large in- 

 volucre scales are petal-like and persistent, giving the 

 plant its value as a subject for dry bouquets. Outer flow- 

 ers few and sterile, inner ones fertile; receptacle chaffy; 

 involucral scales in many series, of various lengths, gla- 

 brous; heads solitary on long naked peducles. 



The culture of Xeranthemum is very simple. Seeds 

 are usually sown in the open, where the plants are to 

 stand; but they may be started indoors arid the seed- 

 lings transplanted. Hardy or half-hardy annuals. 



XERANTHEMUM 



annuum, Linn. Fig. 2758. Annual, 2-3 ft. tall, erect, 

 white -tomentose : Ivs. alternate, oblong -lanceolate, 

 acute, entire: heads purple, 1-1% in. across, tba longer 

 scales wide-spreading and ray-like. S. Europe. Runs 

 into many varieties. Var. liguldsum, Voss ( X. plenis- 

 simum and X. imperi&le, Hort. ). A double or half- 



J758. Xeranthemum annuum (X %). 



double form. Var. perligulosum, Voss (X. superblssi- 

 mum, Hort.), has very full double heads. In these and 

 the single types there are white-fld. (var. album), rose- 

 fld. (var. roseum) and purple-fld. (var. purpureum) va- 

 rieties. There are also violet-fld. forms. Var. multifld- 

 rum, Hort. (var. compactum) has a more compact and 



