16 



BAILEY SWEET 



ANISIM. According to N. E. Hansen, in 

 charge of pomology at the South Dakota Ex- 

 periment Station, Anisim is a most valuable 

 apple in the northern states of the Great Plains. 

 It seems not to be grown elsewhere in the 

 United States. The variety is a Russian sort 

 introduced into Canada about 1885. The fol- 

 lowing is the description given by Hansen: 



"Tree a strong grower in the nursery and orchard and 

 a prodigious bearer ; young trees upright, spreading 

 with age ; limbs long, slender with a very strong shoul- 

 der ; leaves narrow, pointed, dark green. The beautiful 

 color of the fruit attracts favorable attention. Fruit 

 below medium, roundish-conical, slightly angular ; sur- 

 face greenish-yellow, covered almost wholly with a beau- 

 tiful dark crimson, with heavy blue bloom ; dots white, 

 minute ; cavity regular, acute, usually slightly russeted ; 

 stem medium ; basin narrow, very shallow, corrugated, 

 sometimes flat ; calyx closed. Core closed, clasping ; tube 

 short, broad ; stamens median ; flesh greenish- white, with 

 green veins, good ; early winter." 



ARCTIC. Arctic, as the name implies, is an 

 apple for cold climates, much hardier than 

 Baldwin or Northern Spy, but not so hardy as 

 several of the Russian apples. The trees are 

 vigorous, healthy, and usually productive; but 

 the fruit, while pleasing in appearance, is far 

 from good in quality. Arctic originated as a 

 seedling on the farm of John H. Esseltyne, 

 Cape Vincent, New York, about 1862. 



Tree a moderate grower, spreading and open, with 

 long, stout branches. Leaves large, dark green, broad 

 and thick. Fruit large, oblate, sometimes round-conic, 

 often faintly ribbed, uniform in size and shape ; stem 

 short and thick ; cavity shallow, broad, usually sym- 

 metrical or furrowed and having outspreading rays of 

 red or green-russet ; calyx large, segments broad, ob- 

 tuse, closed ; basin abrupt, wide and deep, often com- 

 pressed or furrowed and corrugated ; skin smooth, slightly 

 roughened by light russet or white dots, deep yellow 

 almost wholly covered with bright red obscuring stripes 

 of deeper red ; calyx -tube short, conical ; stamens me 

 dian ; core medium, axile ; cells closed or partly open 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels broadly round to obcordate 

 emarginate, tufted ; seeds often abortive, large, flat, ob 

 tuse, sometimes tufted, dark ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, 

 crisp, juicy, mild subacid ; good in quality ; October to 

 February. 



ARKANSAS. Mammoth Black Twig. Ar- 

 kansas Black. Arkansas is a large, dull, deep 

 red, striped, late-keeping winter-apple of good 

 quality, much grown in the South and South- 

 west. In the North the fruits are usually small, 

 poorly colored, and otherwise undeveloped. 

 North and South, the trees are unproductive. 

 Arkansas was grown from a seed planted in 

 1833 near Rhea Mills, Arkansas. It resembles 

 Winesap, of which it may be a seedling, and 

 Paragon, to which it is similar. It is often con- 

 fused with Arkansas Black because of similarity 

 in name. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading ; branches large, 

 crooked, stout, open. Fruit large, uniform in size, round 

 to conic, sometimes oblate, broadly ribbed, uniform in 

 shape ; stem long or short, stout ; cavity acute, wide, 

 medium in depth, green, often much russeted, sometimes 

 indistinctly furrowed ; calyx small, closed ; basin abrupt, 

 wide, deep, broadly furrowed or wavy ; skin smooth, dull 

 green, often becoming deep yellow, overspread with a 

 dull deep red, obscurely striped with darker red ; dots 

 small, russet, inconspicuous ; calyx-tube conical ; _ sta- 

 mens median ; core axile, closed ; core-lines clasping ; 

 carpels broadly ovate, deeply emarginate, tufted ; seeds 

 few, variable, long, narrow, acute, tufted ; flesh yellow, 

 very firm, fine-grained, tender, juicy, subacid, crisp ; 

 good ; December to May. 



ARKANSAS BLACK. Arkansas Black 

 Twig. Arkansas Black is a beautiful dark red, 

 late-keeping apple of very good quality. Un- 

 fortunately, the trees are so unproductive as to 

 make the variety hardly worth planting, even 

 for home use. It is profitably grown only in the 

 South and Southwest. The variety originated 

 in Benton County, Arkansas, about 1870. 



Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, open ; branches 

 long, slender. Fruit medium or rarely large, uniform 

 in size and shape, nearly round ; cavity acute, small, 

 sometimes lipped, partly russeted ; calyx small, closed ; 

 basin obtuse, shallow, slightly furrowed, faintly cor- 

 rugated ; skin smooth, waxy, yellow covered with a 

 lively red deepening to almost black on the exposed side ; 

 dots small, inconspicuous ; calyx-tube conical ; stamens 

 marginal ; core small, abaxile, closed or partly open ; 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels concave, roundish, emar- 

 ginate ; seeds plump, short, obtuse, dark brown ; flesh 

 yellow, firm, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, sprightly subacid ; 

 good to very good ; December to April or later. 



BABBITT. Western Baldwin. If the fruit 

 were not quite so acid, and the trees were more 

 productive and more regular in bearing, Bab- 

 bitt would be rated as a valuable variety. The 

 apples are large and often strikingly handsome, 

 while the trees are hardy, healthy, vigorous, 

 and productive. The variety is of value as 

 a culinary fruit, since the apples retain their 

 sprightly subacid flavor throughout late win- 

 ter. It is grown most largely in the Mississippi 

 Valley. Babbitt is a seedling of Baldwin grown 

 by C. W. Babbitt, Woodford County, Illinois, 

 about 1845. 



Tree very vigorous, spreading, open ; branches stout, 

 often crooked. Leaves large, broad, dark green, thick. 

 Fruit large, round-oblate, angular and irregular; stem 

 short ; cavity obtuse to acute, shallow, broad, russeted ; 

 calyx closed ; basin abrupt, deep, furrowed, corrugated ; 

 skin bright, pale yellow with mottled red cheek, striped 

 with bright carmine ; calyx-tube conical ; stamens me- 

 dian ; core small, axile, closed ; core-lines clasping ; car- 

 pels broad, round, truncate ; seeds dark brown, small ; 

 flesh yellow, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, sprightly sub- 

 acid ; good to very good ; November to May. 



BAILEY SWEET. Howard's Sweet. De- 

 spite many faults, Bailey Sweet is largely grown 

 in many parts of America because of its rich, 

 sweet fruits agreeable to all who like sweet 

 apples. The trees lack vigor, health, and hardi- 

 ness, defects offset somewhat by productive- 

 ness and regularity in bearing. The fruits are 

 susceptible to the scab fungus, do not keep 

 well, are often malformed, and are not uniform 

 in size. The origin of the variety is not known, 

 further than that it was disseminated from 

 Perry, New York. The first description was 

 published by Thomas in 1849. 



Tree upright-spreading, open ; branches slender. Leaves 

 large. Fruit large, round-conic, or oblate, ribbed ob- 

 scurely, symmetrical, sides elliptical, uniform in size 

 and shape ; stem short ; cavity acute, deep, furrowed, 

 sometimes with sides compressed or lipped, often with 

 thin golden-brown russet ; calyx closed, small with short 

 obtuse lobes ; basin shallow, narrow, obtuse, furrowed 

 or corrugated, often with mammiform protuberances ; 

 skin tender, smooth, clear bright yellow covered with 

 deep red, mottled or striped with darker red, often with 

 irregularly netted markings and dots ; calyx-tube funnel- 

 shape, wide limb ; stamens median ; core axile, closed ; 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels elliptic, emarginate ; seeds 

 large, long, acute ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, ten- 

 der, juicy, sweet, agreeable in flavor ; very good in 

 quality ; October to January or later. 



