BALDWIN 



BELMONT 



17 



BALDWIN. Fig. 7. Pecker. Steele's Red 

 Winter. Woodpecker. Baldwin is the standard 

 winter apple of eastern America, and is more 

 largely grown than any other variety of this 

 fruit on the continent. It takes its high rank 

 from several characters, chief of which is adap- 

 tability to a great diversity of soils and cli- 

 mates. Other good qualities are: the fruits 

 keep long; are uniformly large; when well 

 grown, are attractive in color; the quality, 

 while not of the best, is good; and the apples, 

 because of firm texture and thick skin, stand 

 handling and shipping well; this fact makes it 

 the standard variety for both home and foreign 

 markets. The trees are vigorous, long-lived, 

 healthy, and remarkably productive, individual 

 trees not infrequently bearing twenty barrels of 

 apples, and the crop is usually uniform. The 

 trees are faulty in bearing biennially, in falling 

 a little below the average of the species in 



7. Baldwin. (X%) 



hardiness, and in being susceptible in both fruit 

 and foliage to the apple-scab fungus. Baldwin 

 originated about 1740 as a chance seedling on 

 the farm of John Ball, Wilmington, Massachu- 

 setts. 



Tree large, very vigorous, upright-spreading ; branches 

 stout. Leaves large. Fruit large, round-conic to round- 

 oblong, often faintly ribbed or irregular, uniform in 

 shape ; stem medium to long ; cavity acute, deep, broad, 

 often furrowed, sometimes compressed, sometimes lipped, 

 often russeted with outspreading rays of russet or green ; 

 calyx small, closed or open, with long lobes, acuminate ; 

 basin abrupt, narrow to wide, often furrowed, corrugated ; 

 skin tough, smooth, light yellow, blushed and mottled 

 with red, striped with deep carmine ; dots gray, de- 

 pressed, small and numerous toward the basin, conspicu- 

 ous towards the cavity ; calyx-tube conical, short and 

 wide with projection of fleshy pistil point into its base ; 

 stamens basal ; core medium, axile, closed or partly 

 open ; core-lines meeting ; carpels round-ovate, ernar- 

 ginate, tufted ; seeds variable, large, long, acute, dark 

 brown ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, 

 agreeably subacid, sprightly, aromatic ; good to very 

 good ; November to March or April. 



BANANA: See Winter Banana. 



BANKS. Banks Gravenstein. Banks is a 

 bright red Gravenstein, differing in no other im- 

 portant particular than color. Some say that 

 the apples are smaller, less ribbed, and more 

 regular in shape. Banks is a bud-variation of 

 Gravenstein, first noticed and propagated by 

 C. E. Banks, Berwick, Kings County, Nova 

 Scotia, about 1880. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open. Fruit 

 large, uniform in size but not in shape, oblate or round, 

 somewhat irregular, broad at the base, angular, narrow 

 to broad, irregularly russeted ; calyx large, open or 

 closed, with lobes large, long, very broad, acute ; basin 

 irregular, wide, obtuse to abrupt, wrinkled ; skin thin, 

 tender, rough, greenish-yellow or orange-yellow overlaid 

 with broken stripes of light and dark red ; dots few, 

 small, light ; prevailing effect yellow striped ; calyx 

 tube large, conical ; stamens median ; core medium in 

 size, strongly abaxile ; cells open ; core-lines clasping 

 the funnel cylinder ; carpels broad-ovate, emarginate ; 

 seeds large, long, plump, acute, brown ; flesh yellow, 

 firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aro- 

 matic ; very good to best ; late September to early 

 November. 



BAXTER. Baxter's Red. Red Pound. The 

 bluish bloom, large areolar dots, large size, 

 form, color, and the flesh and flavor of the 

 fruits of Baxter, all indicate close relationship 

 to Blue Pearmain. In quality, the apples are 

 only fair, but immunity to fungi and the great 

 hardiness of the trees make the variety de- 

 sirable in regions too cold for Baldwin or 

 Northern Spy. Baxter came into local repute 

 at Brockville, Ontario, about 1800. 



Tree productive, very vigorous, upright-spreading, 

 open ; branches long, stout. Leaves large. Fruit large 

 to very large, round-conic, faintly ribbed, sides often 

 unequal, axis sometimes oblique ; stem short ; cavity 

 large, deep, acute, partly russeted, furrowed ; calyx 

 small, closed or partly open ; basin oblique, shallow to 

 deep, narrow, obtuse, furrowed, corrugated ; skin thick, 

 tough, roughened by russet dots, pale yellow mottled 

 and blushed with bright red deepening to darker shades, 

 splashed and striped with purplish-red ; dots numerous, 

 conspicuous, areolar ; bloom heavy ; prevailing effect red 

 or striped red ; calyx-tube large, elongated, funnel-form ; 

 stamens median to marginal ; core abaxile, open ; core- 

 lines clasping ; carpels elongated-ovate, emarginate, 

 tufted ; seeds numerous, small, wide, plump, obtuse, 

 tufted, dark brown ; flesh yellow, sometimes stained 

 with red, firm, breaking, coarse, tender, juicy, mild, 

 subacid, aromatic ; fair to good ; November to January. 



BEACH. Apple of Commerce. Beach has 

 been widely distributed in the United States 

 and Canada, and is now offered by many 

 nurserymen. It is not likely to become widely 

 grown, and yet it should be known for its 

 late-keeping fruits. The apples are pleasant 

 to eat hardly among the best but are not 

 attractive in form or color. The variety was 

 first described in Arkansas in 1898. 



Tree large, vigorous, productive, round, dense ; 

 branches stocky. Leaves large, long ; petioles red at 

 base. Fruit medium in size and uniform in size and 

 shape, round-obovate, sometimes oblate, regular, sym- 

 metrical ; stem slender ; cavity acuminate, deep, wide, 

 green or with outspreading russet, symmetrical ; calyx 

 closed ; basin shallow to deep, obtuse, wide, furrowed, 

 corrugated, often with mammiform protuberances ; skin 

 thick, tough, smooth, bright yellow, shaded and mottled 

 with red and striped with dark carmine ; dots incon- 

 spicuous, small, gray ; prevailing effect red or red 



core axue, large, ciuseu ; core-lines clasping ; caipeis 

 broadly ovate, emarginate ; seeds large, narrow, long, 

 acute ; flesh yellow, very firm, coarse, subacid ; fair to 

 good in quality ; very late. 



BELMONT. Golden Pippin. Waxen. This 

 beautiful and choice cooking and dessert apple 

 seems on the way to oblivion in the East, but 

 is still rather commonly grown in the Pacific 

 states as Waxen. Its chief faults are in the 

 fruits, which bruise readily, do not keep well, 

 and lack uniformity in size; but the trees fail 

 also in that they are not reliably fruitful and 



