BIETIGHEIMER 



BLACK GILLIFLOWER 



10. Bethel. (X%) 



Tree large, vigorous, round, spreading. Fruit large, 

 round-conic, angular or irregularly elliptical ; stem 

 short, slender ; cavity acuminate, deep, broad, sym- 

 metrical, with red-russet often outspreading ; calyx 

 pubescent, large, open or closed ; basin shallow, wide, 

 furrowed and wrinkled ; skin thick, tough, smooth, 

 yellow, washed and mottled with red and striped with 

 carmine, dark red in highly colored specimens ; dots 

 numerous, conspicuous, russet or light, many small 

 and some large and areolar ; calyx-tube very large, wide, 

 funnel-shaped with a short cylinder ; stamens median ; 

 core large, abaxile, open or closed ; core-lines clasping ; 

 carpels broad, round-ovate, emarginate, tufted ; seeds 

 large, wide, long, acute to acuminate, tufted, brown ; 

 flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild 

 subacid ; fair to good ; November to March. 



BIETIGHEIMER. Red Bietigheimer. 

 The fruits are of largest size, for which and for 

 their beauty of form and color, the variety is 

 remarkable. On the other hand, the apples 

 are coarse, poor in quality, and drop badly 

 during the maturing period. The trees are 

 hardy and healthy, and come into bearing 

 early, but are among the unmanageables of 

 orchard and nursery, and are seldom fruitful. 

 The variety was introduced from Germany 

 about 1870, and is now more or less grown in 

 the colder parts of America. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense, with 

 drooping laterals. Fruit very large, uniform in size 

 and shape, round-oblate, with broad, flat base, somewhat 

 irregular ; stem short, thick ; cavity large, acute, wide, 

 shallow, sometimes furrowed, occasionally lipped, often 

 much russeted and with outspreading russet rays ; calyx 

 small, closed, with narrow, acute lobes ; basin shallow 

 and obtuse to deep and abrupt, wrinkled, often marked 

 with mammiform protuberances ; skin thick, tough, 

 smooth, pale yellow washed with pinkish-red, sparingly 

 and obscurely splashed with deeper red ; dots numerous, 

 small, inconspicuous, yellow or russet ; calyx-tube 

 broadly conical ; stamens basal ; core medium to large, 

 axile ; cells partly open ; core-lines clasping ; carpels 

 cordate or broadly roundish, tufted ; seeds numerous, 

 large, wide, broadly acute, light brown ; flesh white, 

 firm, very coarse, crisp, tough, juicy, subacid ; fair to 

 good ; September and October. 



BISMARCK. Bismarck is of the type of 

 the better-known Alexander. The quality of 

 its fruit is so poor, that, were it not for several 

 remarkable characters of the trees, the variety 

 could hardly obtain standing with fruit- 

 growers. The trees begin bearing as soon as 

 established, often when one or two years set, 

 sometimes in the nursery row; they are also 

 hardy, healthy, productive, and annual in bear- 

 ing; and have a dwarf habit, scarcely attain- 

 ing the dignity of a tree, a fact which fits them 

 admirably for fillers and for close plantings. 



The apples are large and handsome, but too 

 poor in quality for even a good culinary fruit. 

 Bismarck originated in the Province of Canter- 

 bury, New Zealand, and was introduced into 

 America from England about 1895. Its cul- 

 ture is restricted in America to the northern, 

 states and Canada. 



Tree dwarf, spreading, open with very short, stout 

 drooping branches. Fruit large, uniform in size and 

 shape, round-oblate or round-conic, flattened at the base, 

 regular, sides often unequal ; stem short, thick ; cavity 

 large, acuminate, wide, deep, often compressed, green 

 or russet with outspreading russet rays ; calyx large, 

 open, with short, broad, obtuse lobes ; basin large, 

 usually symmetrical, deep, wide, abrupt, sometimes 

 broadly furrowed and wrinkled ; skin thick, tough, 

 smooth, yellow washed, mottled and striped with two 

 shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed 

 cheek, overspread with thin bloom and often marked 

 with scarf-skin about the base ; dots minute, russet or 

 large and pale gray ; prevailing effect red ; calyx-tube 

 wide, broadly conical ; stamens basal ; core small, axile 

 to abaxile ; cells closed or open ; core-lines meeting ; 

 carpels flat, broadly ovate, tufted ; seeds few, often 

 abortive, wide, short, plump, obtuse, brown ; flesh white, 

 firm, coarse, tender, juicy, subacid ; fair to good ; 

 October to early winter. 



BLACK BEN DAVIS. Black Ben Davis 

 is either a seedling or a bud-mutation of Ben 

 Davis, from which it differs in bearing dark red 

 apples scarcely broken in color, whereas in Ben 

 Davis the red fruits are striped, splashed, and 

 mottled. Despite the fact that the evidence 

 seems to show that they are of distinct origin, 

 Black Ben Davis and Gano may be considered 

 identical. The variety is said to have orig- 

 inated on the farm of M. Black, Washington 

 County, Arkansas, about 1880. Its culture, as 

 an apple of commerce at least, is restricted to 

 its native state and the nearby states. 



11. Black Gilliflower. (X%) 



BLACK GILLIFLOWER. Fig. 11. Gilli- 

 flower. Red Gill flower. Black Gilliflower, 

 threatened with oblivion, is again being 

 planted. The distinct form, color, flavor, and 

 aroma of the apples, as pictured in the tech- 

 nical description, mark it as an unusual and 

 attractive fruit, fit for dessert, and excellent 

 for cookery. The apples, eaten out of hand 

 or however cooked, have a rare, sweet flavor 

 and aroma, most agreeable to many. They 

 are, also, usually perfect, uniform in size and 

 shape, and keep very well in either cold- 

 storage or the cellar. The trees are vigorous, 

 healthy, and fruitful. Black Gilliflower was 



