20 



BLUE PEARMAIM 



BONUM 



known in New England as early as the Revo- 

 lutionary War; thence its culture has spread 

 southward to the Carolinas and westward to 

 the Mississippi. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading. Leaves long. 

 Fruit medium to large, uniform in size and shape, 

 oblong-conic, ribbed, axis sometimes oblique ; stem 

 long, thick ; cavity acuminate, wide, lipped but usually 

 symmetrical, with red-russet or greenish outspreading 

 rays ; calyx closed ; basin often oblique, shallow and 

 obtuse to deep and abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled ; skin 

 thick, tough, smooth, yellow, striped or covered with 

 red, deepening to almost black, obscurely striped with 

 darker crimson and with streaks of scarf-skin, giving the 

 effect of dull bloom ; dots numerous, gray, small, rough ; 

 prevailing effect dull gray-purple; calyx-tube large, 

 wide, cone-shape ; stamens median ; core large, axile, 

 closed ; core-lines clasping ; carpels long-ovate, tapering 

 both ways, emarginate, tufted ; seeds often abortive, 

 when developed of medium size, acuminate, tufted ; flesh 

 yellow, firm, tender, coarse, juicy becoming dry, mild 

 subacid, rich, peculiarly aromatic, good ; October to 

 January or February. 



12. Blue Pearmain. 



BLUE PEARMAIN. Fig. 12. Blue Pear- 

 main is characterized by its bluish bloom, 

 deep purplish color, ribbed or sometimes fur- 

 rowed surface, thick skin, the mild pleasant 

 flavor of its fruits, and the hardiness of the 

 trees all of which characters it seems to have 

 transmitted little changed to a numerous prog- 

 eny. The fruit does not keep well, and the 

 quality is not sufficiently high to make the 

 variety worthy except where hardiness is neces- 

 sary. Blue Pearmain is known to be at least 

 a hundred years old, but is of uncertain origin. 

 It was first described by Kenrick in 1833. The 

 variety is widely grown only in New England. 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading. Leaves broad, coarsely 

 serrated. Fruit large to very large, uniform in size 

 and shape, round to oblate, inclined to conic, irregular, 

 often obscurely ribbed, sometimes distinctly furrowed 

 from the cavity nearly to the basin ; stem short, thick ; 

 cavity deep, obscurely furrowed, usually covered with 

 orange-russet or greenish-russet ; calyx partly open, acute 

 lobes ; basin medium in depth and width, with con- 

 centric gray or russet lines, obscurely furrowed ; skin 

 rough, yellow, washed and mottled with red, often 

 deepening on one side to nearly solid red, splashed and 

 striped with deep purplish-carmine and overspread with 

 an abundant blue bloom ; dots numerous, small, pale, 

 mingled with others which are conspicuous, very large, 

 gray with russet center and often also mingled with 

 irregular lines or flecks of dull green or russet ; calyx- 

 tube elongated-conical ; stamens basal ; core large, axile, 

 closed or open ; core-lines clasping ; carpels broad, 

 elongated or round, tufted ; seeds long, acuminate, light 

 brown ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, juicy, mild, subacid, 

 agreeably aromatic ; good ; October till March. 



BOGDANOFF GLASS. Bogdanoff. 

 ka. This variety may have some value in 



cold regions, since it is a hardy Russian sort. 

 Unfortunately, the quality of the fruit is not 

 high, but the apples are handsome in appear- 

 ance and keep well. The variety was imported 

 from Russia to America about 1880. 



Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, open ; branches long, 

 curved, stout. Leaves broad. Fruit large, uniform in 

 size and shape, round-conic sometimes approaching 

 round-oblate, obscurely ribbed, usually symmetrical, 

 sometimes elliptical or irregular ; stem short, thick, 

 often swollen at the base, sometimes knobbed ; cavity 

 acuminate, shallow to deep, broad, furrowed, wrinkled ; 

 skin thin, tough, smooth, waxy, glossy, green becoming 

 bright pale yellow, occasionally with faint bronze blush ; 

 dots numerous, inconspicuous, mostly submerged, white 

 or green ; calyx-tube large, long, cone-shaped ; stamens 

 median ; core axile, closed or open ; cells often unsym- 

 metrical ; core-lines meeting or clasping ; carpels smooth, 

 broadly obovate, emarginate ; seeds light reddish-brown, 

 smooth, wide, plump, obtuse to acute ; flesh white, firm, 

 fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid ; fair to good ; 

 November to February. 



BOIKEN. Boiken was one of the marvels 

 of the American horticultural press at the 

 close of the nineteenth century. The apples 

 are most attractive in color bright yellow 

 with a beautiful blush but the variety was 

 heralded in this country chiefly because of the 

 vigor, health, productiveness, hardiness and, 

 more than all else, the early bearing habit of 

 the trees. The leaves are distinctive because 

 of their great size, rich green color, and im- 

 munity to apple-scab. Unfortunately, the 

 fruit is so austere as to be hardly fit to eat 

 out of hand; even cooking does not sufficiently 

 take away the sourness. The apples are in 

 demand at evaporators, the cured product be- 

 ing remarkable for its light color. The variety 

 is now falling into disrepute. It is grown 

 chiefly in cold regions, and where an early- 

 bearing sort is wanted. Boiken came to 

 America from Germany, where it has long 

 been cultivated. 



Tree vigorous, spreading, dense ; branches short, stout, 

 crooked. Leaves large. Fruit medium to large, uniform 

 in shape but uneven in size, oblate, broad at the base, 

 conical, often ribbed, symmetrical ; stem long ; cavity 

 obtuse, very broad, furrowed, sometimes compressed, 

 partly colored with thin brownish-russet ; calyx large, 

 closed or open, acute lobes ; basin oblique, wide, abrupt, 

 deep, furrowed and wrinkled ; skin tough, smooth, 

 waxy, pale yellow, often with sharply contrasting bril- 

 liant red blush ; dots numerous, small, often red-areolar, 

 with white or russet center, often submerged ; prevailing 

 effect yellow with red blush ; calyx-tube large, funnel- 

 form, often extending to the core ; stamens median ; 

 core large, open, abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical ; 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels concave, very broad, ellipti- 

 cal, emarginate, tufted ; seeds plump, obtuse to acute, 

 dark ; flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, fine-grained, very 

 juicy, sprightly, brisk subacid, not high in quality ; 

 good ; November to February or March. 



BONUM. Magnum Bonum. Bonum is a 

 standard variety in the South, valued for its 

 productive trees and the high quality of its 

 apples, qualities which it attains only when 

 grown under favorable conditions. The variety 

 is of little value north of the Potomac and 

 Ohio. It originated in Davidson County, 

 North Carolina, about 1840. 



Tree vigorous, upright-spreading or round-topped, 

 open. Fruit medium to large, oblate, regular ; stem 

 long, slender, green ; cavity larsre, deep, regular, often 

 with a little green-russet ; calyx large, closed ; basin 

 shul'ow, wrinkled ; skin smooth, yellow, mostly cov- 



