BOROVINKA 



BUCKINGHAM 



21 



ered with crimson and dark red, striped ; dots distinct, 

 large, light with some having a dark center ; calyx-tube 

 funnel-form ; stamens marginal ; core small ; cells closed ; 

 core-lines meeting ; carpels ovate ; seeds numerous, 

 large, plump ; flesh white, often stained next to the 

 skin firm, fine, tender, juicy, aromatic, mild subacid ; 

 very good ; September to November. 



BOROVINKA. Barovitsky. Mushroom. 

 This apple is very similar to the far better 

 known Oldenburg and serves the same pur- 

 poses. It was imported from Russia about 

 1875. 



Tree small size but vigorous, upright-spreading, open. 

 Fruit medium to large, uniform in shape but not in 

 size, round, flattened at the ends, regular or faintly 

 ribbed ; stem medium in length, thick ; cavity acute, 

 shallow, broad, furrowed, sometimes with faint radiat- 

 ing rays of russet ; calyx large, closed, with broad 

 lobes ; basin deep, wide, abrupt, furrowed, occasionally 

 with mammiform protuberances ; skin thin, very tender, 

 smooth, pale yellow, often covered with broken stripes 

 and irregular splashes of bright red, overspread with 

 thin bloom ; dots numerous, conspicuous, small, light 

 colored ; calyx-tube large, wide, urn-shape widening in 

 the lower part of the cylinder ; stamens median ; core 

 small, axile ; cells closed ; core-lines clasping ; carpels 

 round, concave, mucronate ; seeds large, wide, plump, 

 obtuse, dark brown ; flesh yellow, crisp, tender, juicy, 

 subacid, aromatic ; good ; mid-August to mid-September. 



BORSDORF. Borsdorjer. Borsdorf is con- 

 sidered a first-class dessert apple in Europe, 

 but in America falls far short of this rank. 

 The tree, however, is very hardy and pro- 

 ductive, and because of these characters the 

 variety may well be planted in northern regions. 

 It was introduced into America from Germany, 

 probably about 1830. It is a very old sort, 

 and some believe it to be the apple mentioned 

 by Cordus in 1561. 



Tree moderately vigorous, round, dense ; branches long, 

 slender, with numerous small laterals. Leaves broad. 

 Fruit medium to small, oblate, somewhat ribbed, sides 

 unequal, uniform in size and shape ; stem long, slender, 

 often inclined obliquely ; cavity shallow to deep, wide, 

 obtuse, often furrowed and russeted ; calyx large, partly 

 open ; basin shallow, wide and obtuse, ridged and 

 wrinkled ; skin yellow, partly washed with dull light 

 scarlet and oiten mar'' * with streaks of russet and 

 inconspicuous capillary-netted russet lines ; dots scat- 

 tering, large and irregular, gray or russet ; calyx-tube 

 short, wide, cone-shape, with a fleshy projection of the 

 pistil into its base ; stamens marginal ; core small, axile, 

 closed ; core-lines meeting ; carpels broad, narrowing 

 sharply towards the apex, truncate at base, emarginate ; 

 seeds numerous, small, plump, acute, compactly filling 

 the cells ; flesh yellow, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild, 

 subacid, aromatic ; fair to good ; November to February. 



BOSKOOP. Belle de Boscoop. Well 

 grown, Boskoop is a handsome fall apple with 

 considerable merit as a market fruit for culi- 

 nary purposes. The variety is capricious as 

 to soils, however, and probably is worth plant- 

 ing only in regions where its great hardiness 

 makes it valuable. It is said to have originated 

 from seed planted at Boskoop, Holland, in 

 1856. The first account of it in America was 

 published in the Montreal Horticultural Report 

 in 1881. 



Tree large, vigorous, open, wide-spreading and drooping ; 

 branches long, stout, crooked, lateral branches numer- 

 ous and small. Leaves large, broad. Fruit large, oblate, 

 or round-oblate, obscurely ribbed, sometimes with 

 oblique axis, uniform in size and shape ; stem short and 

 thick, sometimes long ; cavity large, acute, furrowed, 

 often irregular, deep, russeted ; calyx large, segments 

 long or very long, acuminate, closed or open, separated 

 at the base ; basin abrupt, narrow, shallow to deep, 



furrowed ; skin dull green or yellow, blushed and mot- 

 tled with red striped with deeper red, roughened with 

 russet flecks, often irregularly overspread with russet ; 

 dots small, gray, mingled with others which are large, 

 irregular and russet ; calyx-tube large, cone-shape ; 

 stamens median ; core small, abaxile ; cells often unsym- 

 metrical, closed or open ; core-lines clasping ; carpels 

 round or obcordate, tufted ; seeds when well developed 

 long, irregular, obtuse, tufted ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, 

 tender, juicy, crisp, brisk subacid ; good to very good ; 

 September to April. 



BOTTLE GREENING. Bottle Greening 

 holds a place in the list of desirable apples 

 because it can be grown particularly well in 

 northern regions on sandy and gravelly soils, 

 the trees, on such sites, bearing annually and 

 abundantly. The apples are fit for dessert 

 and are excellent for cookery, but, because of 

 tenderness of skin and flesh, are not of much 

 value for the market; they scald badly in 

 cold-storage. Bottle Greening originated as a 

 chance seedling on the dividing-line between 

 New York and Vermont, where it came into 

 fruit nearly a hundred years ago. The original 

 tree was hollow, and workmen found it a 

 convenient place for the "bottle," hence the 

 name. Its culture is restricted to cold regions. 



Tree medium in size, vigorous, round and open ; 

 branches long, stout, crooked, with yellowish bark. 

 Leaves broad. Fruit medium to large, round-oblate to 

 ovate, sometimes conic, regular, obscurely ribbed, sym- 

 metrical, sides sometimes unequal ; stem short ; cavity 

 acuminate, deep, broad, sometimes lipped, indistinctly 

 furrowed or compressed ; calyx large, closed or open ; 

 basin abrupt, narrow to wide, often furrowed, sometimes 

 wrinkled ; skin thin, tough, smooth, green or yellow, 

 thinly washed or blushed with dull crimson, not striped ; 

 dots few, usually submerged, pale and inconspicuous, a 

 few scattering ones are russet ; prevailing color green ; 

 calyx-tube large, conical ; stamens median ; core small, 

 abaxile ; cells often closed towards apex and open at 

 base ; core-lines clasping ; carpels broad, round to ob- 

 cordate ; seeds medium, acute ; flesh white, firm, tender, 

 very jtricy, aromatic, pleasant subacid ; good to very 

 good ; October to March. 



13. Buckingham. (X%) 



BUCKINGHAM. Fig. 13. Fall Queen. 

 Kentucky Queen. Ne Plus Ultra Queen. Red 

 Horse. Winter Queen. Buckingham is a south- 

 ern apple, attaining in the South, especially on 

 the Atlantic seaboard, almost perfection in 

 form and color, and having, besides, a rich, 

 pleasant flavor. In the North, the apples do 

 not develop high color nor good quality, and 

 the trees are unproductive and irregular in 

 bearing. The origin of Buckingham is un- 

 known, but it has been grown in Virginia and 

 North Carolina for at least a century and a 

 half. 



