CHAMPLAIN 



COLLINS 



23 



with streaks and blotches of bright pinkish-carmine ; 

 flesh white, crisp, juicy, tart, aromatic ; quality good 

 for either dessert or culinary purposes ; one week before 

 Yellow Transparent. 



CHAMPLAIN. Haverstraw Pippin. Large 

 Golden Pippin. Nyack. Sour Bough. Summer 

 Pippin. Tart Bough. Champlain has many 

 qualities that commend it for the home or- 

 chard. The apples are attractive in color, 

 good in quality, and ripen throughout a long 

 period. The trees are vigorous, hardy, healthy, 

 long-lived, and productive. The origin of the 

 variety is unknown but it has been on record 

 since 1853, when an account of it was published 

 in the New England Farmer. Its culture is 

 almost wholly confined to New England and 

 the Middle Atlantic states. It is more often 

 known as Nyack or as Summer Pippin than 

 as Champlain. 



Tree medium to large, vigorous, upright-spreading, 

 open, with long stout branches. Fruit medium to large, 

 un-uniform in size or shape, round-conic to ovate or 

 oblong, irregularly ribbed, sides unequal ; stem medium 

 to long ; cavity acuminate, shallow, narrow, sometimes 

 furrowed and usually russeted ; calyx small, closed or 

 open ; basin shallow, narrow, abrupt, smooth ; skin 

 tender, pale yellow, often with a light crimson blush ; 

 dots numerous, small, russet or submerged ; calyx-tube 

 conical, usually short but sometimes elongated ; stamens 

 median ; core large, axile to abaxile ; cells open ; core- 

 lines clasping ; carpels smooth, elongated-ovate ; seeds 

 dark brown, narrow, short, plump, sharp-pointed, acumi- 

 nate ; flesh yellow, fine, very tender, juicy, sprightly, 

 subacid ; good to very good ; late August to October. 



CHARLAMOFF. Arabka. Pointed Pipka. 

 Charlamoff is a Russian variety of the Olden- 

 burg type, suitable for the cold climate of the 

 northern parts of the Great Plains and Canada. 

 It ripens a little earlier than Oldenburg, but is 

 not so good in quality, and has the fault of 

 remaining in good condition for only a short 

 time. To offset these faults of the fruit, the 

 trees come in bearing young and yield large 

 crops biennially. It was introduced from 

 Europe about 1880. 



Tree rather small, compact, very hardy, spreading, pro- 

 ductive, bearing biennially. Fruit of medium size, 

 sometimes large, oblong-conical ; skin pale yellow, 

 splashed and streaked with purplish-red ; dots few, 

 distinct ; cavity deep, of medium width ; stem medium 

 long, stout ; basin shallow, wrinkled ; calyx open ; flesh 

 white, coarse, juicy, mildly subacid, pleasant ; quality 

 good ; August or just before Oldenburg. 



CHENANGO. Fig. 14. Chenango Straw- 

 berry. In its season, Chenango is the apple 

 of apples in taste, smell, and appearance. The 

 fruits begin to mature in September and con- 

 tinue to ripen for several weeks, lasting, in 

 storage at least, until November. Chenango 

 is too delicate to send to market, but no apple 

 can give more pleasure to those who grow 

 fruit for quality. The trees are early and 

 regular bearers, hardy, healthy, long-lived, 

 fruitful, and usually annual in bearing. Un- 

 fortunately, the history of this delicious apple 

 is not known, but it probably originated in 

 Madison or Chenango County, New York. It 

 was first described in 1854. Its merits quickly 

 brought it into culture in the apple regions of 

 the whole country, and it now grows in the 

 orchard of nearly every amateur apple-grower. 



Tree of medium size, vigorous, upright-spreading, 

 dense, with short, stout, curved branches. Fruit medium 

 to large, elongated-ovate or oblong-conic, ribbed ; stem 

 short, thick ; cavity acuminate, deep, narrow, often 

 furrowed and compressed ; calyx large, partly open or 

 closed ; lobes often separated at the base, long, broad, 



14. Chenango 



obtuse ; basin small, shallow, narrow, obtuse, furrowed, 

 sometimes wrinkled ; skin tough, smooth, glossy, yellowish- 

 white, overspread and mottled with pinkish-red, con- 

 spicuously striped and splashed with carmine ; dots few, 

 inconspicuous, light-colored, often submerged ; calyx-tube 

 long, funnel-shape ; stamens median ; core large, abaxile ; 

 cells often unsymmetrical, wide, open or closed ; core- 

 lines clasping ; carpels broadly ovate, smooth ; seeds 

 small, wide, plump, obtuse ; flesh white, firm, tender, 



}'uicy, mild subacid, very aromatic ; good to very good ; 

 atter part of August and through September. 



CLAYTON. The tree-characters of Clay- 

 ton are satisfactory, but the fruits are but 

 mediocre in size, color, and quality, their chief 

 merit being good keeping and shipping quali- 

 ties. It is grown chiefly in the Middle West, 

 more particularly in the Ozark region of south- 

 western Missouri. Clayton was first described 

 by Warder in 1867. The origin is given as 

 Indiana. 



Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, open ; branches long, 

 stout. Leaves large. Fruit large, round-oblate to round- 

 conic ; stem medium, often obliquely set under a promi- 

 nent, fleshy lip ; cavity acute to obtuse, deep, broad, 

 often furrowed, usually with conspicuous outspreading 

 russet ; calyx small, open or closed ; basin abrupt, 

 medium in width and depth, symmetrical, often 

 wrinkled ; skin thick, tough, smooth, yellow, blushed 

 and mottled with dull red, with splashes and stripes of 

 carmine, often marked with gray scarf-skin near the 

 cavity ; dots medium, pale or russet, scattering ; calyx- 

 tube long, narrow, funnel-shape ; stamens marginal ; 

 core abaxile ; cells usually unsymmetrical, open ; core- 

 lines clasping ; carpels concave, elliptical, emarginate ; 

 seeds numerous, dark, small, plump, obtuse ; flesh yellow, 

 firm, coarse, crisp, mild subacid ; good ; January to 

 May or June. 



COLLAMER. This variety is a sport of 

 the well-known Twenty Ounce, from which it 

 differs in bearing fruits more solidly covered 

 with red, more regular in shape, and less 

 ribbed. The brighter color of Collamer makes 

 it a more valuable commercial apple than 

 Twenty Ounce. The variety originated at 

 Hilton, New York, in the orchard of J. B. 

 Collamer, about 1895. For a technical account 

 of fruit and tree, the reader is referred to 

 Twenty Ounce. 



COLLINS. Champion. Champion Red. 

 Collins Red. Collins is receiving attention in 



