24 



COLTON 



COOPER MARKET 



regions where Ben Davis thrives. The fruit 

 is somewhat like that of Baldwin in shape and 

 color, with a cavity like that of Rome Beauty. 

 The trees have a high reputation for vigor and 

 productiveness. In the North, the fruit is 

 much inferior in appearance and quality to 

 Baldwin, and it is not equal to Rome Beauty 

 or even Ben Davis in these respects in the 

 South. Collins originated about 1865 near 

 Fayetteville, Arkansas. 



Tree large, tall, very vigorous, upright and dense, 

 eventually becoming open ; branches long, thick, crooked. 

 Leaves large, long. Fruit large, globular or oblate 

 inclined to conic, symmetrical ; stem medium to short ; 

 cavity acute, sometimes acuminate, broad, symmetrical 

 or obscurely furrowed, smooth or with radiating russet 

 rays ; calyx small, open or sometimes closed ; lobes 

 separated at the base, short, obtuse ; basin round, deep, 

 abrupt, symmetrical or furrowed ; skin thick, tough, 

 waxy, with faint bloom, bright dark red, indistinctly 

 striped with purplish-carmine and occasionally showing 

 contrasting clear yellow ground color ; dots inconspicuous, 

 russet or pale gray ; sometimes a suture line extends 

 from cavity to basin ; calyx-tube small, long, narrow 

 funnel-shape to short-conic ; stamens median ; core 

 small, abaxile ; cells symmetrical, closed or open ; core- 

 lines clasp the funnel cylinder ; carpels concave, ellipti- 

 cal to obcordate, tufted and deeply emarginate ; seeds 

 dark, large, narrow, long, flat, acute ; flesh white, very 

 firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, 

 aromatic ; fair to good ; January to June. 



COLTON. Early Colton. The tree of Col- 

 ton is thrifty, hardy, and productive, and 

 comes into bearing young, but the fruit is not 

 good enough in quality to make the variety 

 valuable, although it is much grown in parts 

 of the Middle West. Colton originated in 

 Franklin County, Massachusetts, about 1840 

 on the farm of a Mr. Colton. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright when young but eventu- 

 ally spreading, with long, stout, crooked branches. 

 Fruit medium in size, round, narrowing toward both 

 ends, ribbed ; stem medium in length, stout ; cavity 

 small, acute, shallow, narrow ; calyx closed, with long, 

 recurved lobes ; basin pmall, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled ; 

 skin pale yellow, sometimes with a shade of red ; dots 

 numerous, large, green ; calyx-tube elongated, funnel- 

 form ; stamens median ; core large, abaxile ; cells open ; 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels broadly round ; flesh' white, 

 coarse, crisp, juicy, mild subacid ; fair to good ; last 

 of July to early September. 



COLVERT. Colvert is grown in some lo- 

 calities to compete with Twenty Ounce, to 

 which, however, it is usually inferior in size, 

 color, and quality of fruit. The trees are quite 

 as good as those of Twenty Ounce, being 

 hardy, healthy, and productive. The origin 

 is uncertain, but it is an American sort and 

 was first described by Warder in 1867. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open ; branches 

 long, curved, crooked. Leaves broad. Fruit large, 

 uniform in size but variable in shape, oblate to oblate- 

 conic, obscurely ribbed, irregular and with sides unequal ; 

 stem short, thick ; cavity acute, deep, medium in width, 

 usually heavily russeted, sometimes compressed and 

 frequently lipped ; calyx closed or open ; lobes short, 

 narrow, acuminate ; basin abrupt, medium in depth, 

 narrow, furrowed ; skin thick, tough, dull greenish- 

 yellow, sometimes partly washed with red and striped 

 and splashed with carmine ; dots inconspicuous, usually 

 submerged, a few scattering ones are large and russet ; 

 prevailing color greenish-yellow; calyx-tube broadly 

 conical ; stamens median ; core axile, small ; cells closed 

 or partly open ; carpels broad-cordate, emarginate, 

 tufted ; seeds large, wide, long, plump, acute, frequently 

 abortive ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, 

 subacid ; good ; October to January. 



CONSTANTINE. Fig. 15. Grand Duke 

 Constantine. Constantine is very similar to 

 the better-known Alexander, from which it 

 differs in that the fruit ripens a ' week later, 

 keeps longer, hangs later, cracks less, and is a 

 little better in quality. The trees are not so 

 large as those of Alexander and may be planted 

 more closely. The origin of Constantine is 

 uncertain. It was first described in Europe in 

 1873, in America in 1880 in the Iowa Horticul- 

 tural Society Report. 



15. Constantine. 



Tree small, at first vigorous but becoming a slow 

 grower, spreading, open, with short, stout, curved 

 branches. Fruit very large, round-conic to oblate-conic, 

 regular or ribbed, symmetrical ; stem medium to long, 

 slender to thick ; cavity large, acuminate, very deep, 

 broad, symmetrical, russeted and with outspreading 

 rays of greenish-russet ; calyx open ; lobes medium in 

 width and length, acute ; basin narrow, abrupt, smooth 

 or wrinkled ; skin thick, tough, smooth, waxy, greenish- 

 yellow, mottled, marbled and blushed with bright red 

 over nearly the whole surface, with wide broken stripes 

 of carmine radiating from the cavity, overspread with 

 thin bloom ; dots white or pale russet ; prevailing effect 

 bright red ; calyx-tube long, wide, funnel-shape ; stamens 

 median ; core of medium size, abaxile ; cells open or 

 closed ; core-lines clasping ; carpels broadly ovate or 

 cordate, emarginate ; seeds medium in size, wide, short, 

 thick, plump, obtuse, dark brown ; flesh white, firm, 

 coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid ; fair to good ; 

 late September to November. 



COOPER MARKET. Cooper's Red. For 

 nearly a century Cooper Market was a stand- 

 ard commercial apple in northern regions. Its 

 chief merits are capacity to keep, attractive 

 color and form in the fruit, and vigor, hardi- 

 ness, healthfulness, and productiveness in the 

 trees. The variety is now passing from culti- 

 vation because the apples are small and their 

 quality is poor. The variety is thought to 

 have originated in Pennsylvania. It was first 

 described in 1804. 



Tree vigorous, upright, lateral branches long, slender 

 and drooping. Fruit medium or large, round-ovate to 

 round-conic, flattened at the base and often narrowing 

 sharply towards the apex, symmetrical ; stem long, 

 slender ; cavity acuminate, deep, narrow, sometimes 

 furrowed, often russeted ; calyx small, closed, pubescent ; 

 basin small, often oblique, shallow, narrow, obtuse, fur- 

 rowed, wrinkled ; skin tough, smooth, glossy, greenish- 

 yellow, mottled and blushed with red, conspicuously 

 splashed and striped with bright carmine and covered 

 with light bloom ; dots white or with a russet point, 

 numerous and small towards the cavity, scattering, large 

 and irregular towards the basin ; calyx-tube small, short, 

 cone-shape ; stamens median ; core distant, truncate, 

 abaxile, medium ; cells closed or open, often unsym- 

 metrical ; core-lines clasping ; carpels round, emarginate, 

 tufted ; seeds numerous, dark, short, plump, acute ; flesh 



