26 



DETROIT RED 



DR. MATTHEWS 



talked about, more generally planted, or better 

 received by consumers and growers alike. 

 Introduced in 1895, in the short time that has 

 intervened, its culture has spread throughout the 

 apple districts of the United States. In the 

 orchards of the West and Northwest, it has been 

 extensively planted and, according to all re- 

 ports, is proving a commercial success. All 

 who have tasted the apple agree that its rich, 

 distinctive flavor is its chief asset, although it 

 has size and beauty as well. Contrary to the 

 usual behavior of apples, the fruit of this 

 variety seems to increase in size and color as 

 the trees grow older. The variety was found in 

 1881 by Jesse Hiatt, Peru, Iowa. Stark Broth- 

 ers, Louisiana, Missouri, introduced it in 1895. 



16. Delicious. 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading, hardy, productive ; 

 branches smooth, stout. Leaves large, thick, dark green. 

 Fruit large, uniform, roundish-conic to oblong-conic, 

 ribbed ; stem long, medium thick ; cavity deep, broad, 

 often furrowed, flaring, greenish ; calyx medium, nearly 

 closed, with long, narrow, acute lobes ; basin moderately 

 deep, wide, abrupt, very strongly furrowed and corru- 

 gated ; skin very thick, tough, smooth ; color light 

 yellow, nearly to almost entirely overspread with dark, 

 attractive red, splashed and mottled with carmine ; dots 

 numerous, small, yellow ; core medium in size, axile, 

 closed with clasping core-lines ; calyx-tube long, wide 

 funnel-shaped ; seeds of medium size ; flesh yellowish, 

 firm, a little coarse, tender, juicy, aromatic, pleasant 

 subacid ; good to very good ; December to last of 

 February. 



DETROIT RED. Detroit Black. Several 

 apples have been grown under the name De- 

 troit Red, but since none is of much value, 

 and all are passing from cultivation, it is not 

 worth while to attempt to straighten out the 

 nomenclatorial tangle. The description below 

 makes the identification of the true Detroit 

 Red an easy task. This old and unique variety 

 is suppose to have been grown and dissemi- 

 nated by French settlers near Detroit nearly 

 two centuries ago. 



Tree large, upright-spreading or roundish. Fruit large, 

 oblate-conic to round-oblate, often strongly ribbed, ir- 

 regular ; stem short, slender ; cavity very large, acute, 

 deep, broad to very broad, frequently compressed, usually 

 thinly russeted ; calyx variable, large, closed or open ; 

 lobes short, broad, obtuse ; basin medium in width and 

 depth, obtuse, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled and 

 often with mammiform protuberances ; skin thick, tough, 

 dark crimson, striped and splashed with carmine becom- 

 ing almost black, sometimes having a portion of the 

 greenish-yellow ground color exposed ; dots numerous, 



conspicuous, very small, pale or russet ; calyx-tube short, 

 wide, broadly conical ; stamens median ; core round, 

 flat, tufted ; seeds large, plump, obtuse, light brown ; 

 flesh white, streaked or stained with red, coarse, tender, 

 juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic ; good to very good ; 

 last of September to December. 



DICKINSON. Dickinson is a seedling of 

 Yellow Bellflower; the fruits of the offspring 

 resemble those of the parent in shape and size, 

 but are red instead of yellow. Though produc- 

 tive, the trees are otherwise of poor habit, and 

 the quality of the fruit is second rate. The va- 

 riety was grown from seed at West Chester, 

 Pennsylvania, by Sarah Dickinson, about 1875, 

 and has been rather widely disseminated 

 throughout the United States. 



Tree small, round-spreading, dense ; branches short, 

 stout, crooked. Leaves broad. Fruit medium to large, 

 somewhat variable in size, oblong-conic, sometimes com- 

 pressed or broadly angular, sides sometimes unequal ; 

 stem medium to long ; cavity broad, deep, acuminate, 

 symmetrical or sometimes compressed, smooth ; calyx 

 closed or sometimes open ; basin shallow to deep and 

 abrupt, often oblique, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled ; 

 ekin smooth, light yellow or green, blushed and mottled 

 with bright red, striped with darker red, sprinkled with 

 inconspicuous, small, green and white dots ; prevailing 

 effect red ; calyx-tube funnel-form ; stamens median to 

 basal ; core large, abaxile ; cells open ; core-lines clasp- 

 ing ; carpels round-oblong ; seeds numerous, large, plump, 

 obtuse ; flesh juicy, fine-grained, aromatic, subacid, firm, 

 tender ; fair to good ; November to April. 



DOCTOR. The fruit of this variety is well- 

 colored, satisfactory in size and shape, and of 

 about the same quality as that of the Baldwin. 

 The tree is but moderately vigorous, and not 

 above the average in other characters, thus 

 bringing the variety down to mediocrity. 

 Doctor originated in Germantown, Pennsyl- 

 vania, about 1800. 



Tree vigorous, open and spreading. Leaves broad. 

 Fruit medium to large, uniform in size and shape, oblate, 

 symmetrical, angular ; stem short ; cavity acute, deep, 

 wavy, sometimes lipped ; calyx large, open ; lobes long, 

 acute ; basin variable, obtuse to abrupt, often wide, 

 deep, ridged and wrinkled ; skin smooth, waxen yellow, 

 with a bright red blush, indistinctly marked with naf- 

 row carmine splashes ; dots green or gray ; prevailing 

 effect red and yellow ; calyx-tube large, short, urn-shape 

 to truncate funnel-form ; stamens basal ; core small, 

 abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical, open or sometimes 

 closed ; core-lines meeting or somewhat clasping ; carpels 

 smooth, broadly elliptical, quite concave ; seeds medium 

 in size, wide, obtuse ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, 

 tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic ; good to very 

 good ; December to April. 



DR. MATTHEWS. Fruit-growers in In- 

 diana speak very highly of Dr. Matthews, a 

 comparatively new apple in that state. The 

 variety has the seal of approval of the Indiana 

 Experiment Station and of the Indiana Horti- 

 cultural Society. The two characters which 

 seem to distinguish the fruit are high quality 

 and length of season, the variety ripening in 

 August or September and keeping until April. 

 The origin of Dr. Matthews is in doubt, but it 

 has been grown since 1899 in the orchards of 

 the Indiana Experiment Station, where it was 

 received from an unknown source in a ship- 

 ment of nursery stock. The variety is de- 

 scribed in circular 74 of the Indiana Experi- 

 ment Station as follows: 



"Size medium, uniform ; shape roundish oblate, regular, 

 sides slightly unequal, uniform ; color dull yellowish 



