28 



EARLY JOE 



ENGLISH RUSSET 



Harvest was described as long ago as 1806, and 

 is probably of American origin. 



17. Early Harvest. (X%) 



Tree medium size, moderately vigorous, upright- 

 spreading or roundish, open. Fruit medium, sometimes 

 large, uniform in size and shape, oblate to nearly, 

 round, regular or slightly angular ; sides unequal ; stem 

 medium in length, thick ; cavity acuminate, shallow, 

 narrow to broad, russeted, with outspreading, broken 

 russet rays : calyx small, closed ; lobes long, narrow ; 

 basin shallow, wide, obtuse, wrinkled ; skin thin, tender, 

 smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, with deeper yellow on 

 exposed cheek, sometimes slightly blushed ; dots numer- 

 ous, large and small, submerged or russet ; calyx-tube 

 short, funnel-shape ; stamens median ; core medium, 

 abaxile ; cells closed or slightly open ; core-lines clasp- 

 ing ; carpels obovate ; seeds small to large, narrow, long, 

 plump, acute ; flesh white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, at 

 first briskly subacid but becoming mild ; good to very 

 good ; late July and August. 



EARLY JOE. The rarest and richest es- 

 sence of the apple is to be found in the fruits 

 of Early Joe; their crisp, tender, juicy, aro- 

 matic, richly-flavored flesh is universally 

 liked. Unfortunately the tree is among the 

 "unmanageables," being slow of growth, attain- 

 ing only medium size, seldom fruitful, and 

 producing many undersized and otherwise un- 

 marketable apples. Early Joe grew from a 

 seed planted in 1800 by Heman Chapin, East 

 Bloomfield, New York. 



Tree vigorous, flat, spreading, dwarfish with short, 

 stout, crooked branches. Fruit small, uniform in size 

 and shape, oblate-conic to conic, ribbed, symmetrical ; 

 stem long, slender ; cavity acute, shallow, broad, sym- 

 metrical, sometimes thinly russeted ; calyx closed or 

 slightly open ; basin small, shallow, medium in width, 

 abrupt, smooth or wrinkled ; skin thin, tender, smooth, 

 pale yellow, irregularly and obscurely striped and 

 splashed with dull, dark red, in highly colored speci- 

 mens deeply blushed on the exposed cheek ; dots russet, 

 white ; calyx-tube wide, broadly conical ; stamens me- 

 dian ; core small, axile ; cells open or closed ; core-lines 

 clasping ; carpels broadly obcordate, concave ; seeds 

 small, wide, short, obtuse ; flesh yellow, fine, crisp, very 

 tender, very juicy, mild subacid ; very good to best ; 

 August to September. 



EARLY RIPE. Early Ripe has little to 

 commend it other than thriftiness and pro- 

 ductiveness of tree. The apples, while of quite 

 sufficient size, are not uniform in size or shape, 

 and are not good enough in quality to rank 

 with a half score of other August apples. It 

 was first described by Warder in 1867, and 

 probably originated in Pennsylvania, in which 

 state it is chiefly to be found. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense ; top 

 roundish, with long stout branches. Fruit medium to 



large, uniform in size but not in shape, round-oblate, 

 sometimes conic, irregular, broadly ribbed ; stem often 

 bracted, medium in length or short, thick ; cavity acute, 

 shallow, broad, sometimes russeted ; calyx small, closed ; 

 basin obtuse, very shallow, wide, somewhat wrinkled ; 

 skin light yellowish-green ; dots numerous, small, pale 

 gray or russet ; calyx-tube narrow, funnel-form ; stamens 

 median ; core large, abaxile ; cells closed or partly open ; 

 core-lines clasping ; carpels broadly roundish, emargi- 

 nate ; seeds plump, obtuse ; flesh white, firm, coarse, 

 crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, becoming mild 

 subacid ; fair to good ; August. 



EARLY STRAWBERRY. Red Juneating. 

 Early Strawberry is a favorite August apple. 

 It merits the esteem bestowed on it by virtue 

 of fruits with crisp, tender, sprightly, aromatic 

 flesh; and hardy, healthy, early-bearing, fruit- 

 ful trees. The apples are too delicate to ship, 

 and a high percentage of them are undersized 

 and malformed, so that the variety is not a 

 good general market sort. Early Strawberry 

 was first known in what is now the City of 

 New York, where it probably originated about 

 1800 or a little later. It is now widely dis- 

 tributed in eastern America. 



Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous, upright- 

 spreading, hardy, healthy, coming in bearing young, 

 moderately productive biennially. Fruit medium, uni- 

 form in shape and size, round-conic or round, regular 

 or somewhat ribbed, sides often unequal ; stem long and 

 slender, often clubbed ; cavity acute, deep, broad, sym- 

 metrical, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet ; 

 calyx small, closed or open ; lobes long, narrow ; basin 

 small, shallow, narrow, obiuse, furrowed ; skin thick, 

 tough, smooth, waxy, yellow, covered with rich dark red, 

 mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with deeper 

 red ; dots minute, grayish ; calyx-tube short, wide, 

 conical with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base ; 

 stamens median ; core large, axile or abaxile ; cells open, 

 sometimes partly closed ; core-lines meeting ; carpels 

 elliptical, concave, emarginate ; seeds wide, plump, 

 obtuse, dark brown ; flesh yellow often with streaks of 

 red, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, 

 sprightly ; very good ; August. 



ENGLISH RUSSET. Winter Russet. 

 English Russet is preeminent among apples 

 because its fruits keep latest of all often from 

 one season until the next. There is little else 

 to extol, since the fruits are not good In qual- 

 ity, attractive in color, nor even up to medium 

 size. The tree falls below the mark in the 

 several essentials of a good apple-tree. The 

 day of English Russet passed with the advent 

 of cold storage. The variety is often confused 

 with Golden Russet, from which it may be 

 easily distinguished if their descriptions be 

 closely compared. Despite its name, this is 

 an American apple from southeastern New 

 York, first described in 1845. 



Tree large, upright. Fruit small, uniform in size 

 and shape, round, inclined to conic, regular and sym- 

 metrical, sometimes faintly ribbed ; stem slender, me- 

 dium in length, often streaked on one side with 

 brownish-red, usually not exserted ; cavity acute to 

 acuminate, narrow, deep, symmetrical or compressed, 

 occasionally lipped ; calyx small, usually open ; seg- 

 ments long, acute and reflexed ; basin abrupt, deep, 

 narrow, symmetrical ; skin tough, varies from pale 

 green to yellow more or less covered with russet, the 

 base often entirely russeted ; dots inconspicuous, round 

 or irregular, dark russet ; calyx-tube narrow, cone-shape ; 

 stamens basal ; core small, abaxile ; cells symmetrical, 

 open, sometimes closed ; core-lines meeting ; carpels flat, 

 round to broad-ovate, tufted ; seeds numerous, plump, 

 narrow, acute to acuminate, light brown, sometimes 

 tufted ; flesh yellow, firm, crisp, tender, fine-grained, 

 aromatic, pleasant, mild, subacid ; good ; January to 

 May. 



