32 



GIDEON SWEET 



emarginate, tufted ; seeds large, irregular, long, acute, 

 tufted, light brown ; flesh yellow, soft, coarse, crisp, 

 juicy, subacid ; fair to good ; October. 



GIDEON SWEET. Gideon Sweet is a 

 variety of the Blue Pearmain group so closely 

 resembling Bethel that the two are sure to be 

 generally confounded. The essential differ- 

 ences are that the flesh of Bethel is whiter 

 and more often tinged with red, not so sweet 

 nor so high in quality, and the skin is redder. 

 In both varieties the stem is characteristically 

 curved. The variety originated with Peter 

 Gideon, Excelsior, Minnesota, about 1880. Its 

 hardiness fits it for northern latitudes, where, 

 alone, it is worth cultivating. 



Tree vigorous, wide-spreading, dense ; branches short, 

 stout, crooked. Fruit large, round to conic, often 

 oblate, broadly and obscurely ribbed, sides sometimes 

 unequal ; stem long, curved ; cavity broad, acuminate, 

 deep, indistinctly furrowed, often with green or red- 

 russet rays ; calyx small, closed or open ; lobes long, 

 acuminate ; basin shallow, broad, obtuse, furrowed, 

 wrinkled ; skin tough, rough towards the apex, deep 

 yellow or green mottled and blushed with orange-red 

 sometimes irregularly splashed and striped with carmine 

 and overspread with thin bloom ; dots conspicuous, yellow 

 or russet, scattering ; calyx-tube large, broad, conical ; 

 stamens median to basal ; core irregular, abaxile ; cells 

 often unsymmetrical, open or closed ; core-lines meeting 

 or clasping ; carpels roundish, tufted ; seeds medium to 

 large, light brown, narrow, acute, tufted ; flesh yellow, 

 firm, crisp, coarse, juicy, aromatic, sweet ; good to very 

 good ; November to April. 



GILPIN. Carthouse. Red Romanite. Ro- 

 manite. Gilpin has a place in the South, 

 where it is chiefly grown, by virtue of its long- 

 keeping fruits. The apples hang on the tree 

 until heavy frosts, and suffer little by moderate 

 freezes, often remaining in good condition 

 under leaves or rubbish throughout the winter. 

 The tree-characters are all good. The apples 

 are too small and hardly high enough in 

 quality to make the variety generally desir- 

 able. The birthplace of the variety is Vir- 

 ginia, and its history dates back at least to 

 the Revolution, though the earliest account of 

 it is given by Coxe in 1817. 



Tree vigorous, round, open, spreading with short and 

 drooping laterals. Fruit small, uniform in size and 

 shape, round to ovate-truncate, sometimes nearly 

 cylindrical, often obscurely ribbed, symmetrical or sides 

 unequal, sometimes oblique ; stem short ; cavity acumi- 

 nate, usually deep, broad, obscurely furrowed or com- 

 pressed, sometimes lipped, often russeted ; calyx large, 

 open, rarely closed ; lobes leafy, reflexed, long, acumi- 

 nate ; basin oblique, deep, wide, abrupt and prominently 

 furrowed but sometimes shallow and narrow or com- 

 pressed, wrinkled ; skin tough, smooth, glossy, greenish- 

 yellow becoming deep yellow, with brownish-red cheek 

 often deepening to dark red ; calyx-tube wide, short, 

 truncate-funnel-shape ; stamens basal ; core axile ; cells 

 symmetrical, closed or open ; core-lines meeting or clasp- 

 ing ; carpels round to ovate, narrowing towards apex, 

 mucronate, emarginate ; seeds numerous, dark brown, 

 large, plump, acute, tufted ; flesh yellow, very firm, 

 coarse, at first hard but becoming crisp and tender, juicy, 

 subacid ; good ; February to June. 



GLADSTONE. Relationship to Oldenburg 

 and Gravenstein is immediately apparent in 

 the fruit of Gladstone, the apples resembling 

 the latter more than the former. The variety, 

 however, is hardly equal to either in quality 

 of fruit or in tree-characters. It is of com- 

 paratively recent introduction in America, but 

 has been grown for half a century in England. 



GOLDEN DELICIOUS 



Tree small, vigorous, spreading or drooping, with 

 short, stout branches. Fruit medium to large, uniform, 

 round-oblate, sometimes conic, obscurely ribbed, sides 

 usually unequal ; stem medium in length, slender ; 

 cavity acuminate, wide, deep, sometimes with out- 

 spreading russet ; calyx large, closed or open ; basin 

 small, medium in depth and width, abrupt, furrowed 

 and wrinkled ; skin thin, smooth, pale yellow, thinly 

 overspread with red, irregularly mottled, splashed and 

 distinctly striped with carmine ; dots numerous, in- 

 conspicuous, light colored, submerged ; calyx-tube short 

 cone-shape ; stamens median ; core large, usually axile 

 cells symmetrical, closed or open ; core-lines clasping 

 carpels broadly roundish, emarginate ; seeds dark brown 

 very wide, flat, obtuse ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp 

 tender, juicy, mild subacid ; fair in quality ; September 

 and October. 



GLORIA MUNDI. American Mammoth. 

 Pound. Gloria Mundi is of interest because 

 its fruits are the largest of cultivated apples, 

 fit, however, only for culinary uses. All that 

 is known of its history is that it was culti- 

 vated in the states of the Northeast very gen- 

 erally before 1804, since which time it has been 

 widely distributed in the United States and 

 Canada. 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading, hardy, long-lived, but 

 not very productive. Fruit large, uniform, round with 

 truncate ends, conical, ribbed, sides usually unequal ; 

 stem short, thick ; cavity large, acuminate, deep, broad, 

 furrowed and compressed, sometimes russeted ; calyx 

 large, open or partly closed ; lobes separated at base, 

 short, narrow ; basin large, deep, wide, abrupt, some- 

 times with faint bronze blush ; dots small, often areolar 

 with russet center, or light colored and submerged ; 

 prevailing effect yellow ; calyx-tube very large, long, 

 wide, broadly conical extending to core ; stamens median ; 

 core large, usually abaxile ; cells symmetrical, open ; 

 core-lines usually clasping ; carpels broadly roundish to 

 elliptical, tufted ; seeds dark brown, small, narrow, 

 short, plump, obtuse, sometimes tufted ; flesh yellow, 

 coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid ; fair or good 

 in quality ; October to January. 



GOLDEN DELICIOUS. There are no 

 yellow dessert apples of first rate in America, 

 fruit or tree of all failing in one character 

 or another. Golden Delicious is now being 

 introduced for this place as a cosmopolitan 

 yellow dessert apple with the expectation 

 that it will rank with the best red apples. 

 Judged by its fruit-characters, the expecta- 

 tions of the introducers may be realized, for 

 no other yellow apple is handsomer and of 

 better quality, nor possesses better shipping 

 and keeping characters. It is too soon to speak 

 with confidence of the trees, but it seems cer- 

 tain, from their behavior in many widely 

 separated regions, that they are hardy, vigor- 

 ous, healthy, and productive, with no marked 

 faults that have appeared as yet. The variety 

 was given the Wilder Silver Medal by the 

 American Pomological Society in 1920. Golden 

 Delicious originated as a chance seedling in 

 West Virginia in the orchard of A. H. Mullins 

 about thirty years ago, and was introduced by 

 Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1916. 



Trees hardy, vigorous, healthy, productive. Fruit 

 large, 1^4 inches broad, 1% inches long, oblong-conic, 

 uniform in size and shape, symmetrical, distinctly 

 ribbed ; stem 1 % inches long, slender, curved ; cavity 

 acuminate, broad, very deep, smooth, gently furrowed ; 

 calyx large, closed ; basin narrow, abrupt, furrowed ; 

 skin golden yellow, thin, smooth ; dots numerous, small, 

 conspicuous, russet and submerged at the apex ; core 

 large, open, abaxile ; core-lines distinct, clasping ; calyx- 

 tube long, wide, funnel-shaped ; carpels round-oval, 

 tufted ; seeds large, plump, acute ; flesh firm, crisp. 



