GOLDEN PIPPIN 



GRAVENSTEIN 



33 



tender, juicy, mild subacid, rich, aromatic ; quality 

 very good to best for dessert and cooking ; autumn to 

 May. 



GOLDEN PIPPIN. Butter Pippin. Pound 

 Royal. This name is applied to several quite 

 distinct apples, of which the one here de- 

 scribed is much the most important. A com- 

 parison of the descriptions will show that this 

 variety is very similar to Fall Pippin, and that 

 it is suitable for the same uses, adapted to the 

 same regions, and has the same faults. The es- 

 sential differences between the two are that in 

 this sort the apple is a little coarser in size, tex- 

 ture of flesh, and flavor, but keeps longer, ships 

 better, and has an even more vigorous and 

 hardy tree. The origin of Golden Pippin is 

 unknown, but it dates back a century at least. 

 Its culture is confined to New York. 



Tree large, spreading, 'hardy, vigorous, healthy, long- 

 lived and reliable in bearing. Fruit large, uniform in 

 size and shape, round to round-oblate, sometimes conic, 

 often with a broad, flat base and broadly ribbed toward 

 the apex ; stem long, thick, sometimes swollen ; cavity 

 acute, medium in depth, broad, usually symmetrical, 

 sometimes lipped, russeted and often with heavy, out- 

 spreading russet rays ; calyx large, closed ; basin deep, 

 wide, abrupt, furrowed, sometimes irregularly com- 

 pressed ; skin tender, green or yellow when mature, 

 sometimes with bronze blush and russet flecks ; dots 

 large and conspicuous, green, submerged or with russet 

 point ; calyx-tube wide, conical ; stamens median ; core 

 small, abaxile ; cells open ; core-lines meeting or clasp- 

 ing ; carpels round or elliptical, sometimes obovate, 

 heavily tufted ; seeds few, often not perfectly developed, 

 medium size, irregular, dark brown, plump, acute ; flesh 

 yellow, coarse, tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic ; 

 good to very good ; September to January. 



GOLDEN RUSSET. The fruits of Golden 

 Russet are not large, but they are smooth, 

 uniform, suffer little from pests, and are most 

 excellent for dessert, culinary uses, evaporat- 

 ing, and, of all varieties, best for cider. Be- 

 sides, they keep and ship very well. The trees 

 are hardy, vigorous, and usually fruitful. 

 Among russet apples, Golden Russet ranks sec- 

 ond only to Roxbury. There is much con- 

 fusion in names of the russet apples, but a 

 careful reading of the descriptions will keep 

 one straight. Golden Russet is at least a 

 century old in America, but when and from 

 where it came is not known. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense ; branches 

 long, stout, with long, slender laterals which become 

 drooping. Fruit medium to large, round-oblate to conic, 

 sometimes elliptical, sometimes obscurely angular, 

 smooth, uniform in shape and size ; stem short to very 

 short, stout ; cavity wide, acuminate, often deep green 

 with numerous paler green or grayish dots ; calyx large, 

 closed or open ; lobes long, acute, often reflexed, some- 

 times separated at the base ; basin oblique, round, 

 abrupt, shallow, sometimes plaited or ribbed ; skin 

 thick, tender, sometimes with patches and flecks of 

 russet, more often covered with green- or yellow-russet, 

 becoming golden russet with bronze cheek ; dots gray or 

 russet, inconspicuous on the smooth skin ; calyx-tube 

 short, wide, conical ; stamens basal ; core medium, 

 abaxile, or having a wide, hollow cylinder for the axis ; 

 cells often unsymmetrical, open ; core-lines meeting ; 

 carpels broadly-ovate, elongated, sometimes tufted, 

 slightly emarginate if at all ; seeds light brown with 

 a red tone, small, plump, obtuse, sometimes tufted ; 

 flesh yellow, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, rich, 

 eubacid, aromatic ; very good ; December to April. 



GOLDEN SWEET. Fig. 21. Golden 

 Sweeting. Orange Sweet. Yellow Sweeting. 



Golden Sweet is a standard early variety for 

 home use. The fruits are surpassed by those 

 of few other sweet apples in richness and 

 sweetness of flavor; while of only medium 

 size, they are very attractive in appearance, 

 being uniform in size and shape and having a 

 handsome clear yellow color. The variety is 

 at least a century old, probably from Con- 

 necticut, but now grown in all apple regions. 



21. Golden Sweet. (X%) 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading or drooping, dense. 

 Fruit large, uniform in size and shape, round, round- 

 oblate or ovate, regular or faintly ribbed ; stem very 

 long, thick ; cavity acute, of medium depth and width, 

 symmetrical, usually partly russeted, often with out- 

 spreading russet rays ; calyx small, closed ; lobes narrow, 

 acute ; basin shallow, narrow, obtuse, smooth, sym- 

 metrical, furrowed ; skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, 

 pale yellow ; calyx-tube medium in width, cone-shape ; 

 stamens median ; core small, abaxile ; cells often un- 

 symmetrical, open ; core-lines clasping the funnel cylin- 

 der ; carpels ovate ; seeds small, narrow, angular, acute, 

 brown ; flesh yellow, firm, fine-grained, tender, juicy, very 

 sweet, aromatic ; good to very good ; mid-August to 

 late September. 



GRANDMOTHER. Bogdanoff. Red Rein- 

 ette. Grandmother was imported from Russia 

 about 1880 and widely distributed for trial in 

 the northern states. It has the usual merits 

 and faults of Russian apples, and is not above 

 the average in any of its characters. 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading, flat, open, with long 

 stout branches. Fruit large, ovate to round-conic, flat 

 at base, angular, sides unequal, fairly uniform ; stem 

 short, thick ; cavity acute, narrow, deep, shallow or 

 scarcely depressed, much russeted and often with out- 

 spreading russet ; calyx large, closed ; lobes broad, acute ; 

 basin deep, wide, abrupt, usually furrowed and wrinkled ; 

 skin smooth, greenish-yellow, with faint blush ; dots 

 numerous, inconspicuous, light and submerged, or areolar 

 with dark center ; calyx-tube medium in length, wide, 

 broadly conical ; stamens basal ; core small or abortive, 

 axile or abaxile ; cells symmetrical, usually closed ; core- 

 lines meeting ; carpels variable, irregular, broadly ovate 

 or obovate, emarginate, tufted ; seeds large, dark brown, 

 plump, obtuse ; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, very juicy, 

 subacid to brisk subacid, aromatic ; fair to good ; 

 November to January. 



GRAVENSTEIN. Fig. 22. In America, 

 all lovers of fruits value Gravenstein for its 

 crisp, tender, sprightly, juicy, richly-flavored, 

 aromatic apples. It is a valuable commercial 

 fruit, where it succeeds, by reason of early 

 bearing, productiveness, and good shipping 

 qualities. The trees are vigorous but quite 

 subject to sun-scald and apple-canker, and do 

 not hold their load well. Unfortunately, it is 

 fastidious as to both soil and climate, and is 



