48 



OHIO NONPAREIL 



ONTARIO 



bloom ; dots light, sometimes mingled with flecks of 

 russet ; prevailing color dark red dulled by the bloom 

 calyx-tube small, narrow, funnel-form ; stamens median 

 core small, abaxile with hollow cylinder at the axis 

 cells symmetrical, open or closed ; core-lines clasping 

 carpels smooth, distinctly concave, elliptical, obtusely 

 emarginate, mucronate ; seeds numerous, variable, small, 

 obtuse ; flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy, sweet, 

 crisp ; good ; November to March. 



OHIO NONPAREIL. Nonpareil. Red 

 Bell/lower. This sort, once very popular in the 

 Middle West, is now to be found only in old 

 orchards. The tree is seldom satisfactory. It 

 originated near Massillon, Ohio, and was first 

 described in 1848. 



Tree medium in size, spreading. Fruit medium to 

 large, round-oblate, often obscurely ribbed ; stem short 

 and thick ; cavity large, acute, deep, symmetrical, rus- 

 seted, the russet sometimes spreading over the base ; 

 calyx closed or slightly open ; lobes narrow, acute ; 

 basin small, medium in depth, wide, abrupt, symmetri- 

 cal ; skin yellow overspread with bright red, mottled 

 and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine ; dots 

 numerous, small, areolar with russet center ; calyx-tube 

 short, conical ; stamens basal ; core small, abaxile ; cells 

 symmetrical, closed or open ; core-lines meeting ; carpels 

 round, flat, tufted ; seeds medium in size, long, plump, 

 acute, tufted ; flesh yellow, firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, 

 agreeably subacid, aromatic ; good to very good ; October 

 and November. 



OKABENA. The fruits of Okabena are not 

 attractive enough in appearance, nor good 

 enough in quality for the great apple regions 

 of the country, but the hardiness of the tree 

 makes it a desirable variety for the northern 

 part of the Great Plains. Okabena originated 

 in 1871 near Worthington, Minnesota, from a 

 seed of Oldenburg supposed to have been fer- 

 tilized by Wealthy. The variety was intro- 

 duced by the Jewell Nursery Company in 

 1892. 



Tree of the Russian type, rather small, compact, very 

 hardy, bearing almost annually, productive. Fruit of 

 medium size, not uniform in size, round-oblate or some- 

 times slightly conical, symmetrical ; stem long, slender ; 

 cavity acuminate, deep, broad, russeted, symmetrical ; 

 calyx closed, medium to large ; basin shallow, wide, 

 obtuse, almost smooth, symmetrical ; skin rather thick, 

 tender, light greenish-yellow overlaid with scattering 

 stripes of light red ; dots numerous, pale, submerged ; 

 core closed, with clasping core-lines, axile ; calyx-tube 

 narrow, funnel-shaped ; stamens marginal ; carpels round, 

 emarginate ; flesh tinged with yellow, sometimes with a 

 trace of red, firm, tender, juicy, subacid ; quality rather 

 poor, suitable only for culinary purposes ; season August 

 and September. 



39. Oldenburg. (X%) 



OLDENBURG. Fig. 39. Duchess. Duchess 

 of Oldenburg. Oldenburg, still one of the best 

 general purpose apples of its season, was the 



first of the Russian apples, and inspired in- 

 terest in a group of varieties which has made 

 fruit-growing possible in the colder parts of 

 America. The apples are handsome and well 

 flavored, being especially suitable for culinary 

 uses. The trees, while neither large nor long- 

 lived and while quite susceptible to disease, 

 come in bearing early, are hardy and pro- 

 ductive, and are especially fitted for planting 

 as fillers among permanent trees. The variety 

 is preeminently an apple of commerce and 

 thrives north and south, east and west, on 

 many soils, but always requires good care. 

 Oldenburg was imported from England to 

 America in 1835. 



Tree medium in size, upright-spreading. Fruit me- 

 dium to large, uniform in size and shape, round-oblate 

 or oblate, regular, symmetrical ; stem short, slender ; 

 cavity acute, deep, broad, usually partly covered with 

 green-russet ; calyx large, usually closed ; lobes broad, 

 acute; basin deep, wide, abrupt, smooth or with small 

 mammiform protuberances ; skin thick, tender, smooth, 

 pale yellow, covered with irregular splashes and stripes 

 of bright red, mottled and shaded with crimson ; dots 

 scattering, small, light colored ; prevailing effect red- 

 striped ; calyx-tube long, wide, funnel-shape with broad 

 truncate cylinder ; stamens median ; core large, axile ; 

 cells symmetrical, closed or open ; core-lines clasping ; 

 carpels broad-ovate, emarginate ; seeds large, wide, obtuse, 

 plump, dark brown ; flesh yellow, firm, fine, crisp, tender, 

 juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic ; good to very good 

 for culinary purposes ; August and September. 



OLIVER. Oliver's Red. Senator. Oliver 

 has not generally received the attention which 

 both fruit- and tree-characters justify. The 

 apples are handsome in color, smooth of skin, 

 shapely, and while not large are uniform in 

 size. The quality is good, the flavor being 

 pleasantly acidulous, eventually approaching 

 sweet. The trees are hardy, vigorous, come in 

 bearing young, bear abundantly, almost an- 

 nually, and hold the crop well. The season 

 coincides with that of Baldwin, being, if any- 

 thing, a little longer. Oliver is supposed to 

 have originated in northwestern Arkansas, and 

 its cultivation is confined to that and neigh- 

 boring states where long seasons insure full 

 development. It was first described in 1893. 



Tree medium in size, very vigorous, round-spreading ; 

 branches long, stocky. Leaves long and broad, thick, 

 dark green. Fruit large, uniform in size and shape, 

 round or oblate, symmetrical, regular, elliptical or ob- 

 scurely angular, sides sometimes unequal ; stem short 

 to long ; cavity medium to large, acute, deep, broad to 

 narrow, regular, smooth, green or partly covered with 

 greenish-russet, sometimes with outspreading russet rays ; 

 calyx large, open ; lobes separated at the base, short, 

 broad, obtuse, erect or reflexed ; basin large, saucer- 

 shape, wide and abrupt, sometimes shallow and obtuse, 

 wrinkled ; skin thin, tough, waxy, smooth or roughened 

 with large russet dots, yellow, mottled and striped with 

 red or nearly covered with bright deep red and splashed 

 with carmine ; dots conspicuous, numerous, gray or 

 russet, large, often elongated or irregular about the 

 cavity ; calyx-tube obtusely cone-shaped ; carpels round 

 or elongated narrowing toward the base and apex, 

 emarginate, mucronate, smooth ; seeds irregular, large, 

 numerous, completely filling the cells, long, wide, obtuse, 

 dark brown ; flesh yellow, fine and crisp, tender, breaking, 

 juicy, sprightly subacid ; good or very good ; December 

 to April. 



ONTARIO. Fig. 40. In most of its char- 

 acters, Ontario is an intermediate between its 

 parents, Northern Spy and Wagener. The 

 apple has the oblate shape and the prominent 

 ribbing of Wagener, but the deep cavity and 



