54 



RED CANADA 



RHODE ISLAND GREENING 



trachan is a Russian apple introduced into 

 America in 1835, and has long been grown in 

 all of the apple regions of America. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense. Fruit 

 medium to large, not uniform in size or shape, round- 

 oblate, conical, ribbed, sides unequal ; stem slender, 

 bracted ; cavity acute, deep, broad, often russeted with 

 greenish-russet, usually symmetrical, sometimes lipped ; 

 calyx large, open, or closed ; lobes long, broad ; basin 

 shallow, narrow, obtuse, wrinkled ; skin thin, tender, 

 smooth, pale yellow often overspread with light and 

 dark red, splashed and irregularly striped with deep 

 crimson or carmine and covered with heavy bloom ; dots 

 numerous, white ; calyx-tube long, funnel-form ; stamens 

 median ; core small, abaxile ; cells closed or open ; core- 

 lines clasping ; carpels broadly ovate, tufted ; seeds small, 

 wide, plump, obtuse ; flesh white often tinged with red, 

 fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic, some- 

 times astringent ; good to very good ; late July to 

 September. 



RED CANADA. Fig. 46. Canada Red- 

 streak. Red Winter. Steele's Red. Were the 

 trees as satisfactory as the fruit, Red Canada 

 would take high rank among the commercial 

 apples of the country. The apples are char- 

 acterized by firm, crisp, fine-grained, juicy, 

 aromatic, richly flavored flesh; they are me- 



46. Red Canada. 



dium to large, shapely, uniform in size and 

 shape, and colored a beautiful fine, deep red, 

 striped with deeper red on a background of 

 yellow, the whole surface being conspicuously 

 marked with large fawn-colored dots. The 

 trees, however, signally fail; they are precari- 

 ously hardy, lack in vigor, subject to most of 

 the troubles that apple flesh is heir to, fastidi- 

 ous as to soils, and seldom sure or annual 

 bearers. Red Canada probably originated in 

 New England a hundred or more years ago, 

 and has been most largely planted in New 

 England, New York, and Michigan. 



Tree medium to large, vigorous, upright ; branches 

 short, stout, curved, crooked. Leaves broad, thin. Fruit 

 medium to large, uniform in size and shape, round-conic, 

 flattened at the base, symmetrical and regular, some- 

 times elliptical or obscurely ribbed and with sides a 

 little unequal ; stem slender, pubescent ; cavity large, 

 acuminate, deep, wide, often russeted and with radiating 

 green or russet rays, symmetrical, sometimes furrowed ; 

 calyx small, closed or partly open, pubescent ; basin 

 small, narrow, shallow, abrupt, furrowed and sometimes 

 wrinkled, often oblique ; skin tough, smooth toward the 

 cavity, rough about the basin, light yellow overspread 

 with a deep re'd blush, indistinctly striped with deeper 

 red ; dots conspicuous, gray or fawn colored, towards 

 the cavity scattering, large and elongated but towards 

 the apex more numerous and smaller ; prevailing effect 

 deep red ; calyx-tube elongated-cone-shape ; stamens 

 marginal ; core sessile, axile, small ; cells symmetrical, 

 closed or slit ; core-lines clasping ; carpels smooth, 



round, narrowing toward the apex, mucronate ; seeds 

 numerous, large, angular, long, wide, plump, obtuse ; 

 flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy, 

 aromatic, rich, agreeably subacid ; good to best ; October 

 to March. 



RED JUNE. Fig. 47. Carolina June. Carp- 

 Una Red. June. Red June is characterized by its 

 small, deep red, round apples of uniform size 

 and shape. The flesh is white, rimmed and 



47. Red June. (X%) 



stained with red, juicy, sprightly, refreshing, 

 rich, and very good. The variety is grown in 

 full perfection only in the South and parts of 

 the West, though well worth growing as far 

 north as the Baldwin is hardy, furnishing in the 

 South an excellent summer -apple and in the 

 North a very good fall fruit. Red June is 

 supposed to have originated in North Carolina, 

 having been first described in 1848, though it 

 is probably much older. 



Tree vigorous, spreading, with short, stout, curved 

 branches. Fruit small, uniform in size and shape, round- 

 ovate or oblong, regular, sides usually unequal ; stem 

 variable, usually long, slender ; cavity small, acuminate, 

 shallow, narrow, symmetrical, sometimes compressed ; 

 calyx large, leafy, closed or open ; lobes long, narrow, 

 acuminate ; basin small, shallow, narrow, obtuse, smooth 

 or wavy ; skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale yellow, 

 overspread with deep red, very dark red on the ex- 

 posed cheek ; dots numerous, very small, light ; calyx- 

 tube short, wide, conical ; stamens median ; core large, 

 axile or somewhat abaxile ; cells symmetrical, open or 

 sometimes closed ; core-lines clasping ; carpels broadly 

 ovate ; seeds dark brown, numerous, small, plump, 

 acute ; flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, brisk subacid ; 

 good to very good ; July to October. 



RHODE ISLAND GREENING. Fig. 48. 

 Rhode Island. Greening. This is the favor- 

 ite green apple of the continent. It ranks 

 among the first half dozen commercial varieties 

 of the country, and is to be found in as many 

 home orchards as any other apple. Fruit- and 

 tree-characters contribute in equal measure 

 to its popularity. In color, the apples are a 

 mellow shade of yellow with a dull blush or 

 occasionally a pale red cheek not showy 

 but pleasing. The apples are substantially 

 large, never coarse, in general symmetrically 

 rotund, and very uniform in size and shape. 

 The fruit ranks high among dessert apples,, 

 and for culinary purposes is unsurpassed. The 

 flesh is tender, very juicy, and has the mellow,, 

 yellow tint of the skin. The flavor is rich but 

 does not cloy, pleasantly acidulous, always 

 refreshing, and as the apples ripen they de- 

 velop a delightful aroma. The trees are of 



