238 



CHAMPION 



CLINTON 



with Catawba, most of its progeny show 

 Vinifera characters, as intermittent tendrils, 

 Vinifera color of foliage, a vinous flavor wholly 

 or nearly free from foxiness, and the suscepti- 

 bilities of Labrusca-Vinifera hybrids to certain 

 diseases and insects. Catawba was introduced 

 by John Adlum, District of Columbia, about 

 1823. Adlum secured cuttings from a Mrs. 

 Scholl, Clarksburgh, Montgomery County, 

 Maryland, in the spring of 1819. Its further 

 history is not known. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, productive. Canes numerous, 

 thick, dark brown ; nodes enlarged ; tendrils continuous, 

 bifid or trifid. Leaves large ; lobes sometimes 3, 

 terminal one acute ; petiolar sinus often lacking ; lateral 

 sinus narrow ; teeth shallow, narrow. Flowers self- 

 sterile, open late, stamens upright. Fruit late, keeps 

 well. Clusters large, long, broad, tapering, single- or 

 sometimes double-shouldered, loose ; pedicel with a few 

 inconspicuous warts ; brush short, pale green. Berries 

 of medium size, oval, dull purplish-red with thick bloom, 

 firm ; skin thick, adherent, astringent ; flesh green, 

 translucent, juicy, fine-grained, vinous, sprightly, sweet 

 and rich ; very good. Seeds free, frequently abortive, 

 2, broad-necked, distinctly notched, blunt, brown. 



CHAMPION. V. Labrusca. Beaconsfield. 

 Early Champion. Taiwan's Seedling. Cham- 

 pion is a favorite early grape with some grow- 

 ers, although the poor quality of the fruit 

 should have driven it from cultivation long 

 ago. The characters which have kept it in the 

 market are earliness, good shipping qualities, 

 attractive appearance of fruit, and a vigorous, 

 productive, hardy vine. The hardiness of the 

 vine and the short season of fruit development 

 make it a good variety for northern climates. 

 This grape is best in appearance of fruit, in 

 quality, and in the quantity produced, on 

 light sandy soils. The origin of Champion is 

 unknown. It was first grown about 1870 in 

 New York. 



Vine very vigorous, hardy and productive. Canes of 

 average size, dark brown ; nodes enlarged, flattened ; 

 internodes short ; shoots pubescent ; tendrils continuous, 

 long, bifid. Leaves large ; lobes usually 3, often ob- 

 scurely 5, terminal one acute ; petiolar sinus deep ; teeth 

 shallow. Flowers self-fertile, early ; stamens upright. 

 Fruit early, 3 weeks before Concord, season short. 

 Clusters medium in size, blunt, cylindrical, usually not 

 shouldered, compact ; pedicel short with inconspicuous 

 warts ; brush white tinged with bronze. Berries medium 

 in size, round, dull black covered with heavy bloom, 

 soft ; skin thick, tender, adherent, astringent ; flesh 

 light green, translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tender, 

 foxy ; poor in quality. Seeds adherent, 1-5, broad, 

 long, blunt, light brown. 



CHASSELAS GOLDEN. V. vinijera. 

 Chasselas Dore. Fontainebleau. Sweetwater. 

 Several qualities have made Chasselas Gold- 

 en a favorite grape wherever it can be grown. 

 The variety is adapted to widely differing 

 environments; the season of ripening is 

 early; while not choicely high, the quality of 

 the grapes is good and they are beautiful 

 clear green tinged with golden bronze where 

 exposed to the sun. Chasselas Golden is a 

 popular variety on the Pacific slope, and should 

 be one of the first Viniferas to be tried in the 

 East. The following description was made 

 from fruit grown at Geneva, New York: 



Vine medium in vigor, very productive ; buds open in 

 Tnidseason. Young leaves tinged with red on both upper 



and lower surfaces, thinly pubescent to glabrous ; ma- 

 ture leaves medium to above in size, slightly cordate ; 

 lobes 5, terminal lobe acuminate ; basal sinus broad 

 and rather deep ; lower lateral sinus variable, usually 

 broad and sometimes deep ; upper lateral sinus broad 

 and frequently deep ; teeth large, obtuse to rounded. 

 Flowers late ; stamens upright. Fruit ripens early and 

 keeps well in storage. Clusters large, long, broad, taper- 

 ing, sometimes with a single shoulder, compactness 

 medium. Berries medium to above, slightly oval, pale 

 green to clear yellow, with thin bloom ; skin thin, 

 tough, adherent, slightly astringent ; flesh greenish, 

 translucent, firm, juicy, tender, sweet ; good. 



CHASSELAS ROSE. V. vinijera. Chas- 

 selas Rose is very similar to Chasselas Golden, 

 the fruits differing chiefly in smaller bunch 

 and berry and slightly different flavor, which 

 is possibly better. It is a standard sort in 

 California and should be planted in the East 

 where the culture of Viniferas is attempted. 

 The description is made from fruit grown at 

 Geneva, New York. 



Vine of medium vigor, productive. Opening leaves 

 tinged with red on both surfaces, mature leaves small, 

 round ; lobes 3 ; basal sinus medium in depth and of 

 variable width ; lateral sinus deep, narrow ; teeth shal- 

 low, wide. Flowers appear late ; stamens upright. 

 Fruit ripens the second week in October and is a 

 good keeper though it loses its flavor in storage. 

 Clusters above and below medium, long, tapering to 

 cylindrical, compact. Berries medium in size, roundish 

 oval, light red changed to violet-red by the bloom ; skin 

 thin, astringent, juicy, tender, sweet, mild : quality 

 good. 



CLEVENER. V. vulpinaXV. Labrusca. 

 The fruit of Clevener is remarkable in color- 

 ing very early and in ripening late. The vine 

 is hardy, very vigorous, succeeds in various 

 soils, and, since it bears grafts well, is an ex- 

 cellent sort upon which to graft varieties not 

 thriving on their own roots. Clevener is self- 

 sterile and must be planted with some other 

 variety to set fruit well. In spite of its good 

 qualities, Clevener is hardly holding its own 

 in commercial vineyards, and is not a desirable 

 fruit for the amateur who wants a table-grape. 

 Clevener has been raised in the vicinity of 

 Egg Harbor, New Jersey, since about 1870, 

 but its place and time of origin are unknown. 



Vine a rampant grower, hardy, productive. Canea 

 long, numerous, thick, dark reddish-brown with heavy 

 bloom ; nodes enlarged ; tendrils continuous, bifid. 

 Leaves unusually large ; lobes wanting or faint ; teeth 

 deep, wide. Flowers self -sterile, open very early ; 

 stamens reflexed. Fruit late, keeps well. Clusters do 

 not always fill well, small, short, slender, irregularly 

 tapering, often with a single shoulder. Berries small, 

 round or slightly flattened, black, glossy, covered with 

 heavy bloom, persistent, firm ; skin tough, thin, in- 

 clined to crack, adherent, with much purplish-red pig- 

 ment ; flesh reddish-green, juicy, tender, soft, fine- 

 grained, aromatic, spicy ; good. Seeds free, notched, 

 sharp-pointed, dark brown. 



CLINTON. V. vulpina X V. Labrusca. 

 Worthington. Clinton came into prominence 

 because of vigor, hardiness, fruitfulness, and 

 immunity to phylloxera. A serious defect is 

 that the vines bloom early and in northern 

 climates the blossoms are often caught by late 

 frosts. Other defects are : the fruit is small and 

 sour, and the seeds and skins are prominent. 

 The fruit colors early in the season, but does 

 not ripen until late, a slight touch of frost im- 



