COLERAIN 



COTTAGE 



239 



proving the flavor. Clinton bears grafts well, 

 making a quick and firm union with Labrusca 

 and Vinifera, and the vines are easily propa- 

 gated from cuttings. The offspring of Clinton 

 are usually very hardy, and this fact, taken 

 with its other desirable characters, makes it 

 an exceptionally good starting-point for breed- 

 ing grapes for northern latitudes. Clinton is 

 an old sort, the Wqrthington, known as early 

 as 1815, renamed; it began to attract atten- 

 tion about 1840. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes 

 long, numerous, slender, reddish-brown ; nodes enlarged, 

 flattened ; shoots smooth ; tendrils intermittent, some- 

 times continuous, bifid. Leaves hang until late in the 

 season, small, thin ; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, urn- 

 shaped ; basal and lateral sinuses shallow ; teeth wide. 

 Flowers self-fertile, open early ; stamens upright. Fruit 

 midseason. Clusters small, slender, cylindrical, uniform, 

 single-shouldered, compact ; pedicel short, very slender, 

 smooth ; brush tinged with red. Berries small, round, 

 oval, purplish-black, glossy, covered with thick bloom, 

 adherent, firm ; skin very thin, tough, free from pulp 

 with much wine-colored pigment, astringent ; flesh dark 

 green, juicy, fine-grained, tough, solid, spicy, sour, 

 vinous. Seeds adherent, 2, short, blunt, brownish. 



COLERAIN. V. Labrusca. This is one of 

 the numerous seedlings of Concord, bearing 

 white grapes. The vine has the characteristic 

 foliage and habit of growth of its parent, but 

 the fruit is earlier by a week, is of much 

 higher quality, and lacks the foxiness of most 

 Labruscas. The grapes are sprightly and 

 vinous, and neither seeds nor skin are so ob- 

 jectionable as in the parent. The fruit hangs 

 well to the vine and keeps well, but owing to 

 tender pulp does not ship well. The variety 

 is unproductive in some localities. Colerain 

 is worthy a place in home vineyards. David 

 Bundy, Colerain, Ohio, grew this variety from 

 seed of Concord planted in 1880. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, unproductive. Canes 

 slender, dark reddish-brown ; nodes flattened ; internodes 

 short, bifid. Leaves thick ; leaf not lobed, terminus 

 acute ; petiolar sinus wide ; basal and lateral sinus 

 very shallow when present ; teeth shallow. Flowers self- 

 lertile, opening in midseason ; stamens upright. Fruit 

 early. Clusters medium in size and length, slender, 

 blunt, tapering, irregular, strongly shouldered, compact ; 

 pedicel slender, smooth ; brush green. Berries round, 

 light green, glossy with thin bloom, persistent ; skin 

 unusually thin, tender, adherent, unpigmented, astrin- 

 gent ; flesh pale green, translucent, juicy, fine-grained, 

 tender, soft, vinous, sweet ; good. Seeds free, 1-3, 

 small, broad, notched, short, plump, brown. 



CONCORD. Fig. 220. V. Labrusca. Con- 

 cord is the most widely known of the grapes 

 of this continent, and, with its offspring, pure- 

 bred and cross-bred, furnishes 75 per cent of 

 the grapes of eastern America. The preemi- 

 nently meritorious character of Concord is that 

 it adapts itself to varying conditions. A sec- 

 ond character which commends Concord is 

 fruitfulness ; the vine bears large crops year in 

 and year out. Added to these points of su- 

 periority are hardiness, ability to withstand 

 the ravages of diseases and insects, compara- 

 tive earliness, certainty of maturity in north- 

 ern regions, and fair size and handsome ap- 

 pearance of bunch and berry. The variety is 

 not, however, without faults: the quality is 



not high, as the grapes lack richness, delicacy 

 of flavor and aroma, and have a foxy taste 

 disagreeable to many; the seeds and skin are 

 objectionable, as the seeds are large and 

 abundant and difficult to separate from the 

 flesh, and the skin is tough and unpleasantly 

 astringent; the 

 grapes do not keep 

 nor ship well, and 

 rapidly lose flavor 

 after ripening; the 

 skin cracks and the 

 berries shell from 

 the stems after 

 picking ; and the 

 vine is but slightly 

 resistant to phyl- 

 loxera. While Con- 

 cord is grown in the 

 South, it is essen- 

 tially a northern 

 grape, which be- 

 comes susceptible 

 to fungi in southern 



climates and suffers nnn ~ j /vxi/\ 

 from phylloxera in 22 - Concord. (X%) 

 dry, warm soils. 



Seeds of a wild grape were planted in the 

 fall of 1843 by E. W. Bull, Concord, Massa- 

 chusetts, from which plants fruited in 1849. 

 One of these seedlings was named Concord. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes 

 long, thick, dark reddish-brown ; nodes enlarged, flat- 

 tened ; internodes long ; shoots pubescent ; tendrils 

 continuous, long, bifid, sometimes trifid. Leaves large, 

 thick ; lobes 3 when present, terminal one acute ; 

 petiolar sinus variable ; basal sinus usually lacking ; 

 lateral sinus obscure and frequently notched ; teeth 

 shallow, narrow. Flowers self-sterile, open in mid- 

 season ; stamens upright. Fruit midseason, keeps from 

 1-2 months. Clusters uniform, large, wide, broadly 

 tapering, usually single-shouldered, sometimes double- 

 shouldered, compact ; pedicel thick, smooth ; brush pale 

 green. Berries large, round, glossy, black, with heavy 

 bloom, firm ; skin tough, adherent with a small amount 

 of wine-colored pigment, astringent ; flesh pale green, 

 translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tough, solid, foxy ; good. 

 Seeds adherent, 1-4, large, broad, distinctly notched, 

 plump, blunt, brownish. 



COTTAGE. V. Labrusca. In vine and 

 fruit, Cottage resembles its parent, Concord, 

 having, however, remarkably large, thick, 

 leathery leaves. It is noted also for its strong, 

 branching root system and canes so rough 

 as to be almost spiny. The fruit is better in 

 quality than that of its parent, having less 

 foxiness and a richer, more delicate flavor. 

 The crop ripens from one to two weeks earlier 

 than that of Concord. The good qualities of 

 the variety are offset by comparative unpro- 

 ductiveness of the vine, and unevenness in the 

 ripening of the crop. Cottage is recommended 

 for the garden as an early grape of the Concord 

 type. This variety was grown from seed of 

 Concord by E. W. Bull, Concord, Massachu- 

 setts. It was introduced in 1869. 



Vine vigorous, healthy, hardy. Canes rough, hairy, 

 long, numerous, dark brown ; nodes enlarged ; shoots 

 very pubescent ; tendrils continuous, bifid. Leaves large, 

 thick ; leaf entire with terminus acute ; petiolar sinus 

 deep and wide ; teeth shallow, wide. Flowers self-sterile, 



