240 



CREVELING 



DELAWARE 



open early ; stamens upright. Fruit does not keep well. 

 Clusters of medium size, broad, cylindrical, sometimes 

 single-shouldered, compact ; pedicel short, thick, with 

 a few small warts ; brush dark red. Berries of medium 

 size, round, dull black with heavy bloom, drop badly 

 from pedicel, firm ; skin thick, tender, adherent with 

 dark purplish-red pigment, astringent ; flesh juicy, tough, 

 solid, foxy ; good. Seeds free, 1-4, large, broad, blunt, 

 light brown. 



CREVELING. V. Labrusca X V. vinifera. 

 Bloom. Bloomburg. Catawissa. Columbia 

 Bloom. Creveling was long a favorite black 

 grape for the garden, where, if planted in good 

 soil, it produces fine clusters of large, handsome, 

 very good grapes. Under any but the best of 

 care, however, the vine is unproductive and sets 

 loose, straggling bunches. The flowers are 

 markedly self-sterile. The origin of Creveling 

 is uncertain. It was introduced about 1857 by 

 F. F. Merceron, Catawissa, Pennsylvania. 



Vine vigorous, not hardy, often unproductive. Canes 

 long, numerous, thick, reddish-brown ; nodes enlarged, 

 flattened ; internodes long ; shoots glabrous ; tendrils 

 continuous, long, trifld or bifid. Leaves large, thick ; 

 lobes 3, or obscurely 5, terminal one acute; petiolar 

 sinus shallow, narrow ; teeth shallow. Flowers on plan 

 of 6, self -sterile, open in midseason ; stamens reflexed. 

 Fruit early, does not keep well. Clusters long, broad, 

 irregularly tapering, single-shouldered, the shoulder 

 often connected to the cluster by a long stem, loose ; 

 brush thick, dark wine-color. Berries large, oval, dull 

 black, covered with heavy bloom, persistent, firm ; skin 

 thick, tough, adherent with wine-colored pigment, 

 astringent ; flesh pale green, translucent, juicy, stringy, 

 tender, coarse, foxy ; good. Seeds free, 1-5, broad, 

 notched, blunt, light brown. 



CROTON. V. cestivalis Bourquiniana X V. 

 vinifera. The fruit of Croton is a feast both 

 to the eye and to the palate. Unfortunately, 

 the vine is difficult to grow, as it is adapted 

 to but few soils and proves unfruitful, weak 

 in growth, precariously tender, and subject to 

 mildew and rot in unfavorable situations. The 

 grapes have a delicate, sweet Vinifera flavor, 

 with melting flesh which readily separates from 

 the few seeds. The crop hangs on the vines 

 until frost and keeps well into the winter. 

 In spite of high quality of fruit, Croton has 

 never become widely distributed, and wholly 

 fails as a commercial variety. It originated 

 with S. W. Underbill, Croton Point, New 

 York. Fruits were first exhibited in 1868. 



Vine vigorous, tender, productive. Canes long, nu- 

 merous, thick, dark reddish-brown ; nodes enlarged ; 

 internodes short ; shoots glabrous ; tendrils intermittent, 

 long, bifid. Leaves of medium size, hang late ; lobes 5, 

 terminal one blunt ; basal sinus narrow ; lateral sinus 

 deep and narrow ; petiolar sinus narrow, often closed 

 and overlapping ; teeth shallow, wide. Flowers self- 

 fertile, open late ; stamens upright. Fruit midseason, 

 keeps well. Clusters uniform, very large, long, slender, 

 irregularly tapering with heavy shoulder, very loose; 

 pedicel long, thick with inconspicuous warts ; brush 

 green. Berries irregular in size, round-elongated, 

 yellowish-green with thin bloom, persistent, soft ; skin 

 thin, tough, adherent, unpigmented ; flesh green, trans- 

 parent, very juicy, melting, vinous, pleasant, agreeably 

 sweet ; very good. Seeds free, 1-3, elongated, notched, 

 sharply pointed. 



CYNTHIANA. V. cestivali* X V. Labrusca. 

 There is controversy as to whether this 

 variety differs from Norton. The two ripen 

 their crops at separate times, and the fruits 

 differ a little, so that they must be considered 



as distinct. Cynthiana is particular as to soil 

 and location, preferring sandy loams, and does 

 not thrive on clays or limestones. While very 

 resistant to phylloxera, this variety is not 

 much used as a resistant stock because it is 

 not easily propagated. The vines are resistant 

 to mildew, black-rot, and anthracnose, and are 

 strong, vigorous growers. The cycle of vege- 

 tation for Cynthiana is long, since the buds 

 burst forth early, and the crop matures very 

 late. The fruits have no value as table-grapes, 

 but in the South make the best red wine, and 

 no doubt, will make good grape-juice. Cyn- 

 thiana was received about 1850 by Prince, of 

 Flushing, Long Island, from Arkansas. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes 

 medium in length, numerous, reddish-brown with thick 

 bloom ; nodes enlarged ; internodes short ; shoots 

 glabrous ; tendrils intermittent or continuous, bifid. 

 Leaves thick, firm ; lobes variable in number ; terminal 

 one acute ; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, closed, some- 

 times overlapping ; basal sinus shallow ; lateral sinus 

 shallow, narrow ; teeth shallow ; stamens upright. Fruit 

 very late, keeps well. Clusters medium to small, long, 

 tapering, often single-shouldered, compact ; pedicel 

 short, slender, with numerous warts ; brush short, thick, 

 wine-colored. Berries small, round, black, covered with 

 heavy bloom, persistent, firm ; skin thin, tough, ad- 

 herent, with purple pigment, astringent ; flesh dark 

 green, translucent, juicy, tough, firm, spicy, tart ; poor 

 in quality. Seeds adherent, 1-6, short, blunt, dark 

 brown. 



DELAWARE. Fig. 221. V. aestivalis 

 Bourquiniana. French Grape. Powell. Ruff. 

 Delaware is used wherever American grapes are 

 grown as the standard to gauge the quality of 

 other grapes. In addition to high quality 

 in fruit, the variety withstands climatic con- 

 ditions to which all but the most hardy varie- 

 ties succumb, is ad- 

 apted to many soils 

 and conditions, and 

 bears in most situa- 

 tions an abundant 

 crop. These qualities 

 make it, next to Con- 

 cord, the most popu- 

 lar grape for garden 

 and vineyard now 

 grown in the United 

 States. Besides the 

 qualities named, the 

 grapes mature suffi- 

 ciently early to make 

 the crop certain, are 

 attractive in appear- 

 ance, keep and ship 

 well, and are immune to black-rot. Faults of 

 the variety are: small vine, slow growth, sus- 

 ceptibility to mildew, capriciousness in certain 

 soils, and small berries. Delaware succeeds 

 best in deep, rich, well-drained, warm soils, 

 but even on these it must have good cultiva- 

 tion and close pruning, and the crop must be 

 thinned. Delaware is grown North and South, 

 westward to the Rocky Mountains. It is now 

 proving profitable in many southern locations 

 as an early grape to ship to northern markets. 

 It is an especially desirable grape to cultivate 

 in small gardens because of its delicious, hand- 

 some fruit, its compact habit of growth, and 



221. Delaware. (XV 3 ) 



