JAMES 



JESSICA 



249 



for making red wine and grape-juice, being 

 surpassed only by Norton for this purpose. 

 The vine is hardy, healthy, vigorous, and fruit- 

 ful. The fruit is poor in quality, colors long be- 

 fore ripe, has a foxy odor, and the flesh is tough 

 and pulpy. The bunches are compact, with 

 well-formed, jet-black grapes, which make them 

 attractive. The vine is easily propagated, and 

 is adapted to any good grape soil, but is so 

 rampant in growth that it is difficult to man- 

 age. The variety is not widely cultivated. 

 Ives was grown by Henry Ives from seed 

 planted in 1840 in Cincinnati, Ohio. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes 

 long, thick, reddish-brown with thin bloom ; nodes en- 

 larged, flattened ; internodes short ; tendrils continuous, 

 bifid or trifid. Leaves large ; lobes 3-5 when present 

 with terminal one acute ; petiolar sinus shallow ; lateral 

 sinus narrow ; teeth shallow. Fruit late midseason, 

 keeps well. Clusters large, tapering, frequently single- 

 shouldered, compact, often with numerous abortive ber- 

 ries ; pedicel slender with numerous small warts ; brush 

 short, slender, pale with a reddish-brown tinge. Berries 

 oval, jet-black with heavy bloom, very persistent, firm ; 

 skin tough, adherent, wine-colored pigment, astringent ; 

 flesh pale green, translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tough, 

 foxy ; good. Seeds adherent, 1-4, small, often abortive, 

 broad, short, blunt, plump, brown. 



JAMES. V. rotundifolia. James is prob- 

 ably the best general-purpose variety of its 

 species. The vine is noted for vigor and pro- 

 ductiveness, and the fruits are large, well 

 flavored, hang on the vines long after ripen- 

 ing, and keep well after harvesting. James 

 cannot be grown north of Maryland, and 

 thrives only in sandy loam soils with clay 

 subsoil. The variety was found by B. W. M. 

 James, Pitt County, North Carolina. 



Vine vigorous, healthy, productive. Canes slender, 

 numerous, long, slightly trailing. Leaves of medium 

 size, thick, smooth, leathery, cordate, as broad as long, 

 with a serrate margin. Flowers open late ; stamens 

 reflexed. Fruit ripens late, hangs on the vine for 3 

 weeks, keeps well. Clusters small, containing from 

 4 to 12 berries, irregular, loose. Berries large, % to *4 

 inch in diameter, round, blue-black, marked with specks ; 

 skin thick, tough ; pulp juicy ; sweet ; good in quality. 



JANESVILLE. Fig. 

 227. V. Labrusca X V. 

 vulpina. Endowed with 

 a constitution enabling it 

 to withstand cold to 

 which most other grapes 

 succumb, Janesville has 

 made a place for itself in 

 far northern localities. 

 Moreover, the grapes 

 ripen early, being about 

 the first to color, although 

 they are not ripe until 

 some time after coloring. 

 The vine also is healthy, 

 vigorous, and productive. 



The fruit, however, is worthless where better 

 sorts can be grown. The clusters and berries 

 are small, the grapes are pulpy, tough, seedy, 

 have a thick skin and a disagreeable acid taste. 

 Janesville was grown by F. W. Loudon, Janes- 

 ville, Wisconsin, from chance seed planted in 

 1858. 



227. Janesville. 

 (XH) 



Vine vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive. Canes 

 spiny, numerous, dark brown ; nodes flattened ; inter- 

 nodes long ; tendrils intermittent or continuous, long, 

 bifid or trifid. Leaves small, thin ; leaf usually not 

 lobed with terminus acute ; petiolar sinus narrow, often 

 closed and overlapping ; basal and lateral sinuses lack- 

 ing ; teeth shallow. Flowers self-fertile, open very 

 early ; stamens upright. Fruit early, keeps well. Clus- 

 ters small, short, cylindrical, usually single-shouldered, 

 compact ; pedicel short, slender, covered with small, 

 scattering warts ; brush dark wine color. Berries round, 

 dull black with heavy bloom, persistent, firm ; skin 

 thick, tough, adherent, with dark wine-colored pigment, 

 astringent ; flesh pale reddish-green, translucent, juicy, 

 tough, coarse, vinous, acid ; fair in quality. Seeds 

 adherent, 1-6, large, broad, angular, blunt, dark brown. 



JEFFERSON. V. Labrusca X V. vinijera. 

 Jefferson resembles Concord in vigor, produc- 

 tiveness, and healthiness of vine, and lona in 

 color and quality of fruit. The vine produces 

 its fruit two weeks later than Concord and 

 is not so hardy, faults that debar it from taking 

 high rank as a commercial grape. The bunches 

 of Jefferson are large, well-formed, compact, 

 with berries of uniform size and color. The 

 flesh is firm yet tender, juicy, with a rich, 

 vinous flavor and a delicate aroma which per- 

 sists even after the berries have dried into 

 raisins. The fruit ships and keeps well, the 

 berries adhering to the cluster, and retains its 

 freshness into late winter. Jefferson is widely 

 distributed and is well known by viticulturists 

 in eastern America. It is not particular as to 

 localities, if the season be long and the climate 

 temperate, and thrives in all soils. The variety 

 originated with J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, New 

 York; it first fruited in 1874. 



Vine vigorous, healthy, doubtfully hardy, productive. 

 Canes short, numerous, light to dark brown ; nodes en- 

 larged, round ; internodes short ; tendrils intermittent, 

 short, bifid or trifid. Leaves healthy ; leaf usually not 

 lobed with terminus acute ; petiolar sinus narrow, some- 

 times closed and overlapping ; basal sinus usually ab- 

 sent ; lateral sinus shallow, often a mere notch ; teeth 

 regular, shallow. Flowers self -sterile, open late ; 

 stamens upright. Fruit late, keeps and ships well. 

 Clusters large, cylindrical, usually single-shouldered, 

 sometimes double-shouldered, compact ; pedicel short, 

 slender with a few inconspicuous warts ; brush long, 

 slender, pale yellowish-green. Berries medium in size, 

 oval, light and dark red, glossy with thin bloom, per- 

 sistent, very firm ; skin thick, tough, free, slightly 

 astringent ; flesh light green, translucent, juicy, coarse- 

 grained, tender, vinous ; good to best. Seeds free, 1-4, 

 broad, short, blunt, plump, brown. 



JESSICA. V. Labrusca X V. vinijera. 

 Jessica is an early, hardy, green grape. The 

 fruit is sweet, rich, sprightly, and almost free 

 from foxiness, but is unattractive and does 

 not keep well. The clusters and berries are 

 small, and the clusters are too loose for a 

 good grape. Jessica may be commended for 

 earliness and hardiness and is, therefore, de- 

 sirable, if at all, in northern regions. William 

 H. Read, Port Dalhousie, Ontario, grew Jessica 

 from seed planted some time between 1870 

 and 1880. 



Vine medium in vigor, healthy, hardy, productive. 

 Canes long, thick, dark brown with red tinge ; nodes 

 enlarged, flattened ; internodes short ; tendrils contin- 

 uous or intermittent, bifid or trifid. Leaves small ; 

 lobes 3 ; petiolar sinus narrow ; teeth shallow, narrow. 

 Flowers self-fertile, open in midseason ; stamens upright. 

 Fruit very early. Clusters small, slender, tapering, 

 usually single-shouldered. Berries small, round, light 

 green, often tinged with yellow, covered with thin bloom, 



