GOLDEN QUEEN 



JAPANESE GOLDEN MAYBERRY 277 



height of six or eight feet. A peculiarity 

 of the canes is that in mid-summer they are 

 purplish-red, but become brown at the close 

 of the season. The berries average larger 

 than those of the well-known Cuthbert, and 

 are about the same color, ripen a little earlier, 

 and have a longer picking season. The fruits 

 are mild, rich and sweet and may be ranked 

 among the best in quality. The texture is 

 firm and the berries stand shipment well and 

 may be kept long. With such an array of 

 good characters, it seems certain that Empire 

 must take high standing among commercial 

 red raspberries. Empire originated in 1904 

 with L. E. Wardell, Marlboro, New York. 



Plants tall, vigorous, upright, with medium number of 

 suckers, hardy, very productive ; canes smooth except 

 for the few scattering, short prickles, stocky, long ; 

 prickles short, few, becoming more numerous towards 

 the base. Leaflets large, wide, thick, dark green, 

 rugose. Fruit early midseaspn, clings well to the torus 

 yet picks easily ; large, uniform, retains its size well 

 to the close of the season, regular in outline, round- 

 conical ; bloom slight ; drupelets small, numerous, with 

 strong coherence ; color medium to dark red, glossy ; 

 flesh juicy, firm, mild, high-flavored ; very good in 

 quality ; seeds medium in size. 



GOLDEN QUEEN. R. strigosus. Gol- 

 den Queen is a yellow Cuthbert, of which it is 

 probably a seedling or a sport. In plant and 

 berry, it is almost identical with Cuthbert, 

 except that the berries are light yellow, some- 

 times tinged with pink, are richer and more 

 delicately flavored, and softer. The canes are 

 a little paler in color and a little more sug- 

 gestive of R. idceus. The variety was found 

 by Ezra Stokes, Camden County, New Jersey, 

 in 1882, in a field of Cuthberts. It thrives 

 wherever Cuthbert thrives, and is a desirable 

 raspberry for home use. The berries have 

 the charm of individuality, which makes them 

 highly prized by fruit-fanciers. 



HAILSHAM. R. idceus. A few red rasp- 

 berries fruit on the first year's wood in the 

 late summer. These are the everbearing or 

 autumn-fruiting varieties of the catalogs. 

 Among the best of these is Hailsham, an 

 English variety which is being grown some- 

 what in California. The variety is described 

 as very distinct in plant and berry. The 

 plants are vigorous, with remarkably large 

 leaves, producing enormous, hemispherical, 

 dark red berries of excellent quality, and 

 bearing the main crop in autumn. Picking 

 must not be hurried, if color and taste are 

 to reach the condition where nothing requisite 

 is wanting. 



HAYMAKER. R. strigosus X R. occiden- 

 talis. Haymaker is a comparatively old purple 

 raspberry now being superseded by Columbian, 

 and, even at its best, inferior to the older 

 Shaffer. As compared with these two varie- 

 ties, the fruits are smaller, resembling a black 

 raspberry in size and shape; more variable in 

 color, a berry often being both light and dark 

 purple; and inferior in flavor. Haymaker 

 originated with A. P. Haymaker, Earlville, 

 Ohio, about 1890. 



HERBERT. Fig. 240. R. strigosus. Her- 

 bert is one of the best berries of its kind, 

 yet many large berry-growers have not tried 

 it, and few nurserymen list it. The pre- 

 eminent merits are: great vigor and hardiness 

 being rather hardier than the well-known 

 Cuthbert; comparatively few suckers; and, 

 most valuable of all, tremendous productivity, 

 being nearly twice as productive as the old 

 standard, Cuthbert. The season is about that 



240. Herbert. (XD 



of Cuthbert, but usually continues a few days 

 longer. The berries are somewhat similar to 

 those of Cuthbert, but are more sprightly in 

 flavor, a little larger, rounder, and, unfor- 

 tunately, a little softer. The fruits will not 

 hold their shape quite as well as those of 

 some other sorts; this is the chief, if not the 

 only, point of inferiority in the variety. The 

 berries, however, are firm enough to carry 

 to nearby markets with ordinary care. Her- 

 bert is a chance seedling found in the garden 

 of R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Ontario, about 1891. 



Plants vigorous but not so tall as Cuthbert, upright 

 except when borne down by the weight of fruit, hardy, 

 healthy, very productive ; canes intermediate in size and 

 smoothness, numerous, dull red ; prickles medium in 

 length and number. Leaflets oblong-oval, dark green, 

 rugose. Flowers large ; petals rather large, oval, taper- 

 ing to short, abrupt claws. Fruit matures late, about 

 with Cuthbert ; large to very large, broadly ovate, with 

 medium to large, coherent drupes, dark red, juicy, soft 

 under unfavorable conditions, pleasant flavored, sprightly ; 

 good in quality. 



JAPANESE GOLDEN MAYBERRY. 



R. palmatusXR. strigosus. This variety was 

 described as follows in 1895 by Luther Burbank, 

 the originator: 



"The earliest raspberry known. The berries are of a 

 golden-straw color, as large as Cuthbert, and ripen 

 before strawberries, and before the earliest of the stand- 

 ard raspberries of the past have hardly awakened from 

 their winter rest. The bushes are distinct from all 

 others, growing like trees, 6-8 feet high, with spreading 

 tops ; and all along the branches large, white, well- 

 shaped blossoms are pendant, which are soon followed 

 by the great, sweet, glossy, golden, semi-translucent 

 berries. The plants when well established, will surprise 

 one with their abundance of fruit. The history of this 

 variety is as follows : 'Some ten years ago I instructed 

 my collector in Japan to hunt up the best wild rasp- 

 berries, blackberries and strawberries that could be 

 found. Several curious species were received the next 

 season, and among them a red and also a dingy yellow, 

 unproductive variety of Rubus palmatus. One of these 

 plants, though bearing only a few of the most worthless, 

 tasteless, dingy yellow berries I have ever seen, was 

 selected solely on account of its unusual earliness, to 



