280 



RUBY 



TURNER 



lateness of the ripening period. The crop 

 ripens one to two weeks later than that of 

 Columbian, and has a remarkably long sea- 

 son, lasting until early blackberries are ripe. 

 The variety originated with G. H. Giston, 

 about 1898, at Bristol, Indiana. 



Plant vigorous, upright-spreading, very productive, 

 very hardy ; canes of medium length, numerous, dark 

 reddish-brown, with few thorns mostly at the base. 

 Leaflets 3-5 ; very dark green above, light green and 

 pubescent with spiny midribs below. Flowers 8-10 in 

 short, open, leafy, prickly clusters. Fruit late, medium 

 in size, broad-ovate, dull purple ; drupelets small, nu- 

 merous, round ; flesh rather dry, firm, subacid, insipid ; 

 quality rather poor ; seeds small. 



RUBY. R. strigosus. Ruby is a rather un- 

 important seedling of Marlboro, which it re- 

 sembles so closely as not to need a separate 

 description. The plants are smaller and less 

 productive than those of Marlboro, and the 

 berries are smaller and not so attractive in 

 appearance, although just as high in quality 

 and a little less liable to crumble. The variety 

 is grown only in the Hudson River Valley 

 and in New England. It originated with L. E. 

 Wardell, Marlboro, New York, and was in- 

 troduced in 1903. 



SHAFFER. R. strigosus X R- occidentalis. 

 Shaffer's Colossal. Shaffer is the oldest stand- 

 ard purple raspberry, and was for many years 

 the most prized. It is now being superseded 

 by Columbian, which resembles but surpasses 

 it, as noted in the discussion of that variety. 

 It is still grown for canning in berry-canning 

 regions. The propagation of Shaffer is mostly 

 by tips, as it does not sucker well. The plants 

 lack hardiness. The variety originated with 

 George Shaffer, Scottsville, New York, about 

 1871. 



Plants tall, very vigorous, very productive, lacking 

 in hardiness ; canes long, numerous, reddish-brown, with 

 numerous stray prickles. Leaflets 3, rugose, glabrous 

 and dark green above, gray-green and pubescent be- 

 neath. Flowers 12-14 in long, open, leafy, prickly 

 clusters. Fruit late, large, dull purple, broadly 

 hemispherical ; drupelets large, numerous, round ; flesh 

 juicy, rather soft, sprightly, aromatic ; quality good ; 

 seeds small. 



SUNBEAM. R. strigosus X. Sunbeam is a 

 new and very hardy red raspberry which origi- 

 nated with Professor N. E. Hansen of the 

 South Dakota Experiment Station, Brookings, 

 South Dakota. It is considered very promis- 

 ing for the northern Great Plains region, where 

 great hardiness and capacity to withstand sum- 

 mer drouth are required. The variety was in- 

 troduced in 1913. 



Plants' tall, vigorous, upright-spreading, productive ; 

 canes very numerous, dull reddish-brown, with many 

 sharp, slender prickles. Leaflets glabrous above, pubes- 

 cent beneath, terminal one lobed. Flowers 5-8 in short, 

 open clusters with slender red prickles. Fruit late 

 midseason, below the average in size, variable, hemi- 

 spherical, dark red ; drupelets of medium size, cohering 

 well ; flesh soft, too acid except for culinary purposes ; 

 quality fair ; seeds small. 



SUPERLATIVE. R. idceus. Superlative 

 is an old English variety, now grown wherever 

 the red raspberry is cultivated, and regarded 

 as a standard. Unfortunately the canes are 



not sufficiently hardy, vigorous, or productive 

 for the eastern United States, but the variety 

 is highly prized on the Pacific slope, especially 

 near San Francisco. It was introduced in 

 England in 1888, and was soon after brought 

 to America. 



Plants rather dwarf, not very vigorous, productive 

 only in certain localities, tender to cold ; canes slender, 

 numerous ; typical of R. idceus in leaf and flower. 

 Fruit medium early, large to very large, conical, dark 

 red, too dull to be attractive ; drupelets large, round, 

 cohering so that the berry does not crumble ; torus 

 small, rough and adhering too tenaciously to the berry ; 

 flesh soft, juicy, rich, sprightly, pleasantly aromatic ; 

 quality good to best ; seeds relatively small. 



SURPRISE. R. idceus. Early Surprise. 

 California Surprise. This seems to be a most 

 remarkable red raspberry, which, so far as yet 

 tested, thrives only in California, where it is 

 becoming the most popular variety of this 

 fruit. On the grounds of the New York Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New 

 York, the plants are so tender to cold and 

 suffer so much from dry and hot weather that 

 the variety is worthless. In California, the 

 fruit is described as being very like that of 

 Superlative, but the plant is very different. 

 Thus, the plant has the remarkable quality of 

 bearing fruit every month in the year in 

 southern California; bears the first season set; 

 is bushy and almost weeping; and is reported 

 to be much more productive than that of 

 Superlative. Surprise originated with D. W. 

 Coolidge, Pasadena, California, about 1898, 

 and was introduced in 1904. 



SYRACUSE. R. idceus. This is a typical 

 European red raspberry; the fruits differing 

 little from those of Superlative, and the vines 

 have the same general appearance. Where 

 tried in the East, the plants are not sufficiently 

 hardy, although hardier than other varieties 

 of foreign descent, and lack in vigor and pro- 

 ductiveness. Syracuse is, however, an excellent 

 sort for the home garden. It originated as a 

 chance seedling in a garden at Syracuse, New 

 York, about 1900, and was distributed by 

 Green's Nursery Co., Rochester, New York, 

 about 1910. 



TURNER. R. strigosus. Southern Thorn- 

 less. Red Thornless. Baldwin's Choice. Tur- 

 ner is an old variety, now seldom found, but 

 still grown for home use and local markets 

 in some places where less hardy and less 

 adaptable sorts fail. It has some remarkable 

 differences in plant and fruit from other 

 varieties of this species, which make the ac- 

 companying description worth printing in full. 

 Turner originated with J. B. Turner, Jackson- 

 ville, Illinois, soon after the close of the Civil 

 War. 



Plants medium in height and vigor, rather unpro- 

 ductive, spreading and drooping ; canes very numerous, 

 very slender, branching much, almost thornless, reddish- 

 brown tinged with purple. New leaves at tip of suckers, 

 bronzed ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; upper surface ru- 

 gose and pubescent ; lower surface greenish-gray, pubes- 

 cent, midrib spiny and glandular. Flowers 7-10, in 

 long open, leafy, prickly clusters. Fruits early, small, 

 ovate, narrow ; cavity small, rough ; drupelets large, 



