290 



TEXAS EARLY 



LOGANBERRY 



Plants tall, vigorous, very hardy, moderately pro- 

 ductive, immune to rust ; canes numerous, slender, 

 angular or nearly round, greenish-yellow, sometimes 

 reddish, with numerous straight prickles. Leaflets 3-5, 

 oblong-lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers 

 9-15, in long, compact, leafy, prickly racemes. Fruit 

 late, medium in size, thimble-shaped, glossy black ; core 

 soft, white ; flesh rather soft, juicy, sweet, rich ; quality 

 very good ; seeds of medium size, hard. 



TEXAS EARLY. Crandall. This variety 

 is held in high esteem in California, where the 

 fruit matures early and ripens during a long 

 period. The high quality of the fruit also 

 commends it. Crandall originated in Texas, 

 but when, where, and by whom is not known. 

 It was introduced in California about 1875 by 

 J. R. Crandall of Auburn, New York, whose 

 name it sometimes bears. 



PJants vigorous, upright, productive, hardy at Geneva, 

 New York ; canes numerous, resembling those of Lawton 

 very closely, as do the leaves. Flowers 6-8, in long, 

 open, leafy, prickly racemes. Fruit very early, ripening 

 period long, large ; flesh firm, sweet, rich ; quality very 

 good. 



WARD. As a favorite late blackberry in 

 New Jersey, Ward was a few years ago more 

 largely grown than any other variety, and is 

 still one of the mainstays for a late crop. It 

 seems scarcely to have found a foothold else- 

 where, although it is occasionally mentioned 

 in other states, in most of which it is grown 

 rather poorly. Ward is a seedling of Kitta- 

 tinny, which it resembles in almost every par- 

 ticular, surpassing its parent in vigor, pro- 

 ductiveness, freedom from rust and quality 

 of fruit. The original plant was found grow- 

 ing wild in New Jersey about 1900. 



WILSON EARLY. Few varieties have 

 had their merits set forth in more laudatory 

 terms than Wilson Early a generation ago. 

 In many localities it was a mainstay for the 

 early crop both for home and market. Al- 

 though not generally grown now, the variety 

 is still to be found in parts of the East, New 

 Jersey being the state in which it is most 

 prized. The plants are precariously hardy, 

 not always productive, and bear many imper- 

 fect flowers, most of which are more or less 

 doubled. In some localities, the plant over- 

 bears, and to prevent this it should be closely 

 pruned. Wilson Early is probably a black- 

 berry-dewberry hybrid. The variety origi- 

 nated with John Wilson, Burlington, New Jer- 

 sey, about 1854. 



Plants upright or often semi-trailing, the trailing 

 shoots rooting at the tips, medium in vigor, half-hardy, 

 variable in productiveness. Leaflets, 3 to 5, broad- 

 lanceolate. Flower 1% inches in diameter, often 

 double and imperfect, 4-6, in long, open, leafy racemes. 

 Fruit very large, ,ften irregular and imperfect, tapering 

 toward the apex ; drupelets few, very large, round, 

 variable in sis ? flesh firm, sweet, rich ; quality very 

 good. 



DEWBERRIES 



AUGHINBAUGH. This variety is the chief 

 representative of the wild western dewberry, 

 R. vitifolius, and probably is the parent of the 

 loganberry. Its culture is confined to Cali- 

 fornia, where, before the advent of the logan- 



berry, it was much grown, but it is now rapidly 

 passing from cultivation. The flowers are 

 pistillate, requiring pollen from another variety 

 to set fruit. The plant is described as unsatis- 

 factory, lacking in vigor and productiveness. 

 The details of the origin of the variety are not 

 known, but it has been in cultivation since 

 1875, and is supposed to have been introduced 

 by a man bearing the same name. 



BARTEL. Bartel was the first dewberry to 

 find favor with American pomologists. It 

 was introduced by a Dr. Bartel, Huey, Illinois, 

 about 1870, and, after the lapse of several 

 years and an expenditure of much high-flown 

 language in advertising, became widely estab- 

 lished with berry-growers the country over, 

 although never very commonly grown. The 

 prostrate habit of growth seemed to be against 

 it, as with all dewberries, but when it was 

 discovered that the plants could be easily 

 covered as a protection against winter-killing, 

 the trailing habit became an asset rather than 

 a liability. The variety may be occasionally 

 found now, but it is becoming a rare sort, 

 better dewberries having taken its place. 



GARDENA. Comparatively rare else- 

 where, Gardena is held in high esteem in 

 southern California, where it originated early 

 in this century in the town of the same name. 

 The plants are described as healthy, very 

 productive, withstanding frosts well, and 

 ripening their crop early and during a short 

 period. The berries are said to be large, firm 

 of flesh, rich and sweet in flavor, and, all in 

 all, of highest quality. The crop ripens about 

 ten days before that of the well-known 

 Lucretia. Gardena is supposed to be a seedling 

 of Premo. 



LAXTONBERRY. Laxton. Crosses be- 

 tween brambles are destined to play an im- 

 portant part in the berry-growing of the 

 future; a dozen or more already have enriched 

 pomology both as market crops and for the 

 fruit-fancier. One of those of lesser im- 

 portance, which has attained some prominence 

 in England, and is grown somewhat on the 

 Pacific slope, is the laxtonberry, a cross be- 

 tween the loganberry and the Superlative red 

 raspberry. This interesting hybrid, having 

 much the habit of growth of the loganberry, 

 is listed with dewberries. The berry is much 

 like that of the loganberry in color and flavor, 

 but separates from the receptacle somewhat 

 like a raspberry. Its blossoms are not wholly 

 self-fertile, and the variety must be planted 

 in proximity to the loganberry or a red rasp- 

 berry. 



LOGANBERRY. Fig. 255. Logan Black- 

 berry. Now well past the first flush of popu- 

 larity, the loganberry has taken a permanent 

 place in American pomology as a distinct type 

 of fruit. The new fruit possesses remarkable 

 features in the plant which appeal to berry- 

 growers, but it is the product which can be 

 put profitably to more uses than any other 



