282. 



Early Black. 

 (XD 



EARLY BLACK 



and the variety is comparatively unimportant. 

 The origin of Chipman seems not to be 

 known. 



EARLY BLACK. Fig. 282. The oldest of 

 the named varieties, Early Black is still the 

 standard early cranberry in Massachusetts and 

 New Jersey, being little 

 grown elsewhere. A greater 

 acreage of this variety is 

 grown in Massachusetts than 

 of any other. Early in the 

 season, the crop is sold as 

 Early Black ; but the berries 

 keep so well that cranberry 

 dealers find it profitable to 

 call it Late Red during the 

 last of the season. The fruit 

 is very suitable for long dis- 

 tance shipment. The va- 

 riety is rather susceptible to 

 the fruit-worm. It seems to have originated 

 about 1835 with Capt. Cyrus Gaboon, a Cape 

 Cod cranberry-grower. 



Vines comparatively slender, producing uprights rather 

 than runners ; productive, averaging 55 bbls. to the 

 acre. Leaves comparatively small, light green in the 

 summer, reddish in the winter. Flowers white, but 

 little marked with pink. Fruit very early, Black Veil 

 alone ripening earlier ; berries small, 80-150 to the 

 half-pint ; when full seeded the berries are round 

 with the stem-end slightly conical, but oblong when 

 seeds are few ; pinkish white, then red and when very 

 ripe almost black ; colors well in storage when picked 

 green ; flesh firm, good for keeping, shipping and the 

 table ; easily cleaned ; seeds 7-17. 



EARLY OHIO. This variety is of the bell 

 type, and is very similar in plant and fruit 

 to the better-known Prolific. The original 

 plant was found in a wild bog by C. D. Leach, 

 Walton, Michigan, some thirty or more years 

 ago. The fruits are esteemed for earliness 

 and for their mild, pleasant flavor, being pala- 

 table in the raw state, which is true of very few 

 other cranberries. The variety is grown only 

 in Wisconsin and Michigan. 



EARLY RED. This variety is listed in the 

 booklet of the American Cranberry Exchange 

 as a sort with fruits "round in shape; good 

 size; ready for shipment after September 20". 

 The quantity is said to be limited, and the 

 crop to be desirable for the eastern and cen- 

 tral markets when classified under two grades, 

 according to color. The variety is grown in 

 both Massachusetts and New Jersey. The 

 origin of the variety is not known. 



HOWARD BELL. Under the Olive 

 brand, the crop of this variety is sold by the 

 American Cranberry Exchange as a fancy prod- 

 uct in eastern markets. Howard Bell is grown 

 in New Jersey, the acreage being small. The 

 crop is ready for the market after October 

 25, and is very desirable for long distance 

 shipments. The berries are described as large, 

 bell-shaped, and excellent in flavor. 



HOWES. Fig. 283. Late Howe. Howes is 

 the standard late cranberry in Massachusetts 



MATTHEWS 



319 



and New Jersey, attaining popularity chiefly 

 because of the excellent keeping quality of the 

 fruit. Unfortunately, the variety is not always 

 productive. The fruit is especially prized for 

 long distance shipments. Pointed Howe seems 

 to be a strain of Howes 

 grown in New Jersey. The 

 variety originated with 

 James P. Howes, East Den- 

 nis, Massachusetts, some 

 time prior to 1880. 



Vines rather coarse, with many 

 uprights and comparatively few 

 runners ; not as productive as 

 Early Black, averaging 40 bbl9. 

 to the acre in Massachusetts ; 

 rather susceptible to the rose- 

 bloom and to the blackhead fire- 

 worm. Leaves large, dark green (XI) 



in the summer, very dark red in 



the winter. Flowers white, much marked with pink. 

 Fruit late, ripening in Massachusetts about October 5 ; 

 berries a little under medium size, 80-140 to the half- 

 pint cup ; round when well seeded, oblong when poorly 

 seeded, symmetrical ; red and indistinctly striped, be- 

 coming dark red ; colors exceptionally well in storage ; 

 flesh very firm, excellent for keeping and shipping, fair 

 for the table ; easily cleaned ; seeds 7-15 as an average. 



JERSEY. Under this name the wild cran- 

 berry of New Jersey is offered by the Ameri- 

 can Cranberry Exchange. It is said that more 

 of these "natives" are grown in the cultivated 

 bogs of the state than of any distinct named 

 variety. The berries are variable in size, 

 shape, and color. They are usually ready for 

 market after October 15. The fruit is of 

 long-keeping and good-shipping qualities and 

 very desirable for distant shipment. A large 

 percentage of the crop of this variety is shipped 

 uncleaned, the product keeping better when 

 packed and stored in this manner. 



McFARLIN. Fig. 284. 

 McFarlin is one of the few 

 cranberries grown in both 

 the East and the West. It 

 is rather more highly prized 

 in Wisconsin and in the 

 Pacific states than on the 

 Atlantic seaboard, although 

 at one time it was one of 

 the three leading varieties in 

 the eastern states. The va- 

 riety originated with T. H. 284. McFarlin. 

 McFarlin, South Carver, (XD 



Massachusetts, about 1874. 



Vines coarse with many runners, poorly suited for 

 scoop-picking ; about as productive as Early Black, 

 bearing 55 bbls. to the acre. Leaves medium green, 

 rather large. Flowers distinctly marked with pink. 

 Fruit midseason, usually ripening about September 20 ; 

 berries large, 65-95 in half-pint cup ; round-oblong, 

 flower-end conical ; lacking in uniformity, size and 

 shape ; red becoming dark red when very ripe ; flesh 

 tender, extra fine in flavor ; variable in keeping and 

 shipping quality ; seeds 9-23.. 



MATTHEWS. This variety is so similar 

 to the better-known and more desirable Centre- 

 ville that it needs no separate description. 

 The fruit is usually sold under the same brand 

 in New Jersey as Centreville, the Swan brand 



