328 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS 



Echinoids, egg. segmentation of, 22, 

 27 ; position of nucleus in egg, 31 ; 

 normal development of, 183-185 ; 

 pressure experiments on, 37, 38, 

 185, 186 ; blastomeres disarranged, 

 187, 194 ; isolated blastomeres. 

 190 sqq. ; egg-fragments, 195-197 ; 

 fragments of blastulae and gastru- 

 lae, 199, 195 ; one embryo from two 

 blastulae, 201, 202; larvae, in- 

 fluence of light on, 95, 96 ; require 

 oxygen, 112 ; spicule cells in, 114 ; 

 influence of potassium, sodium, and 

 lithium, 137-140; partial larvae, 

 size of, rate of development of, 

 number of cells of, 198-200 ; hy- 

 brids, 258-262. 



Echinus, pressure experiments, 37, 

 38, 185, 186 ; suppression of cell- 

 division, 55 ; influence of light, 

 94 ; ciliary movement in larva, 

 135 ; potassium, sodium, and li- 

 thium larvae, 137 ; necessity of 

 certain elements for, 142 sqq. ; 

 blastomeres disarranged, 187, 188, 

 194 ; blastomeres isolated, 190 

 sqq. ; segmentation of egg-frag- 

 ments, 195-197; blastula cut tip, 

 194; grafting of blastula frag- 

 ments, 202 ; size of partial larvae, 

 199, 201 ; hybridization experi- 

 ments, 258-262 ; number of 

 chromosomes varied, 267. 



Ectoderm, of Earthworm, 3 ; growth 

 of, in Amphioxus and Vertebrates, 

 over medullary plate, 9; of Sipun- 

 culus, 9 ; of lithium larvae, reduced, 

 139, 140 ; of Echinoid, gastrula, 

 separated,195 ; ofpartial larvae,198. 



Ectoproctous Polyzoa, segmentation 

 of, 22. 



Efficient cause, see Cause. 



Egg axis, how determined, 79, 163. 

 183, 204, 208, 232, 249, 250, 280; 

 and gravity, 78 ; and embryonic 

 axes, 81, 165, 166, 174, 204, 209, 

 229, 233, 236, 244, 281 ; and seg- 

 mentation furrows, 81, 85, 229, 

 235 ; secondary, in inverted eggs, 

 85. 



Egg-fragments, enucleate, fertilized, 

 see Merogony ; segmentation of, see 

 Segmentation. 



Elasmobranchs, lower layer cells, 

 5 ; segmental duct, splitting of, 6 ; 

 yolk-nuclei, 88 ; injuries to germ- 

 ring, 178. 



Elastic plates and tubes, layers of 

 Chick compared to, by His, 3. 



Electricity, 91 sqq. 



Elementary organs, see Organs. 



Emboitement, 14. 



Embryology, experimental, 1, 13 ; 

 descriptive, 12 ; comparative, 12, 

 16 ; aims of, 13, 156, 157, 297, 98. 



Embryonic axes, and gravity, 78; 

 and symmetry of egg, 81, 165, 166, 

 174, 204, 209, 229, 233, 236, 244, 

 266, 281 ; influence of light on, 93. 



Embryonic plate, of Mammals, 9. 



Embryos, double, 201, 202 ; partial, 

 see Blastomeres, isolated, and Egg- 

 fragments. 



End, knowledge of the, 286, 289, 296, 

 297, 299. 



Endoderm of Echinoid larvae, sepa- 

 rated, 195. 



End-organ and nerve, see Nerve. 



Energy, life not a form of, 291. 



English, growth of, 63. 



Entelechy, 291, 297. 



Environment, physical and chemical, 

 adaptation of developing organism 

 to, 157. 



Epidermis of Earthworm, 3. 



Epigenesis (Harvey), 13, 15 ; (Wolff), 

 16 ; not a theory, 17, 19. 



Epithelium, degeneration of, 120. 



Equatorial division, 24. 



Equilibrium, osmotic, 118. 



Equimolecular solutions, 140. 

 \ Equipotential, 176, 277. 

 : Essential oils, 132. 



Ether, 132. 



Ethical, 289. 



Eucharis, 209. 



Evaginations, see Cells, movements of. 



Eversion of gut, see Exogastrula. 



Evil, problem of, 299. 



Evolution, theory of (of the indivi- 

 dual), 14 ; modern form of, 19, 

 158 ; (of the race), 16. 



Excretory, see Kidney. 



Exocoetus, 178. 



Exogastrula, in lithium salts. 137 ; 

 without sulphate, 143 ; of Ascidia, 

 237. 



Ex-ovates, of Arbacia, 118. 



Experimental method in embryology, 

 1, 13, 297, 298. 



External conditions of development, 

 see Development. 



Eyes, width of face between, growth 

 of, 70. 



Fat, 58. 



Fate a function of position, 188. 

 Ferments, in nucleus, 283. 

 Fertilization in Asoaris nigrownosa, 

 33; altered by heat, 107, 108; 



