xiv CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 

 ACTION OF HEAT UPON PROTOPLASM 



PAGE 



1. Nature of Heat and the General Methods of its Application . 219 



2. The Effect of Heat upon the General Functions of Organisms . 222 



1. Effect of Heat upon Metabolism ..... . 222 



2. Effect of Heat upon the Movement of Protoplasm and its 



Irritability ..... . . . .225 



3. Temperature-Limits of Life ....... 231 



1. Temporary Rigor and Death at the Higher Limit of Tem- 



perature, Maximum and Ultramaximum . . . .231 



2. Temporary Rigor and Death at the Lower Limit of Tempera- 



ture, Minimum and Ultraminimum ..... 239 



4. Acclimatization of Organisms to Extreme Temperatures . . 249 



1. Acclimatization to Heat ....... 249 



2. Acclimatization to Cold ....... 257 



5. Determination of the Direction df Locomotion by Heat Ther- 



motaxis . ......... 258 



Notes to Table XXI .......... 263 



Literature ............ 267 



CHAPTER IX 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL 

 AND PHYSICAL AGENTS UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. Conclusions on the Structure and Composition of Protoplasm . 274 



2. The Limiting Conditions of Metabolism ..... 275 



3. The Dependence of Protoplasmic Movement upon Metabolism 



and upon External Stimuli ....... 277 



4. The Determination of the Direction of Locomotion . . . 278 



