CONTENTS 



PAGE 



PREFACE vii 



CHAPTER I 

 ACTION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. Modification of Vital Actions 1 



1. Oxygen 2 



2. Hydrogen .......... 5 



3. Oxides of Carbon 6 



4. Ammonia .......... 6 



5. Catalytic Poisons 7 



6. Poisons which form Salts 12 



a. Acids 12 



b. Soluble Mineral Bases 13 



c. Salts of Heavy Metals 13 



7. Substitution Poisons 15 



8. Sodic Fluoride 21 



9. Special Poisons 22 



2. Acclimatization to Chemical Agents 27 



3. Chemotaxis ........... 32 



Summary of the Chapter 45 



Appendix to Chapter I 52 



Literature 54 



CHAPTER II 

 EFFECT OF VARYING MOISTURE UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. On the Amount of Water in Organisms ..... 58 



2. On the Effect of Desiccation upon the Functions of Protoplasm . 59 



1. Effect of Dryness on Metabolism 59 



2. Effect of Dryness upon the Motion of Protoplasm . . 60 



3. Desiccation-rigor and Death 60 



3. On the Acclimatization of Organisms to Desiccation ... 65 

 4. The Determination of the Direction of Movement by Moisture 



Hydrotaxis 66 



Literature 67 



xi 



