6 ABOUT VOLCANOS AND EARTHQUAKES. 



buried under Etna, and by his struggles causing the 

 earthquakes that desolated Sicily. But here we have an 

 exhibition of Titanic forces on a far mightier scale. One 

 of the Andes upheaved on this occasion was the gigantic 

 mass of Aconcagua, which overlooks Valparaiso. To 

 bring home to the mind the conception of such an effort, 

 we must form a clear idea of what sort of mountain this 

 is. It is nearly 24,000 feet in height. Chimborazo, the 

 loftiest of the volcanic cones of the Andes, is lower by 

 2500 feet ; and yet Etna, with Vesuvius at the top of it, 

 and another Vesuvius piled on that, would little more than 

 surpass the midway height of the snow-covered portion of 

 that cone, which is one of the many chimneys by which 

 the hidden fires of the Andes find vent. On the occa- 

 sion I am speaking of, at least 10,000 square miles of 

 country were estimated as having been upheaved, and 

 the upheaval was not confined to the land, but extended 

 far away to sea, which was proved by the soundings off 

 Valparaiso, and along the coast, having been found con- 

 siderably shallower than they were before the shock. 



(7.) Again, in the year 1819, in an earthquake in 

 India, in the district of Cutch, bordering on the Indus, 

 a tract of country more tnau L'ty miles long and sixteen 

 broad was suddenly raised ten feet above its former 

 level The raised portion still stands up above the un- 

 raised, like a long perpendicular wall, which is known by 

 the name of the" Ullah Bund," or "God's Wall." And 

 again, in 1538, in that convulsion which threw up the 

 Monte Nuovo (New Mountain), a cone of ashes 450 

 feet high, in a single night ; the whole coast of Pozzuoli, 



