32 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 



1890 (Thaxter), Oct. 22, 1902, June 24, 1904; Bridgeport, 

 Sept., 1902 ; New Haven, June 23, 1904. 



This is one of the most injurious smuts in this state. It 

 occurs early in the season on the young seedlings, many of 

 which may be killed outright, thus thinning out the stand ir- 

 regularly. It is also found throughout the season, eventually 

 doing considerable damage to the bulbs. The smut often be- 

 comes established in the soil, which is then rendered unfit for 

 raising onions from seed. Sets, however, transplanted in the 

 infected soil, suffer little from this trouble. Soil once infected 

 remains so for years, and for this reason there is considerable 

 land in the onion districts of the state that cannot be used to 

 advantage for this crop. Experiments with treating the in- 

 fected soil, at time of planting the seed, with various fungi- 

 cides, such as formalin, and sulphur mixed with lime, have 

 given some favorable results in keeping down the smut. As 

 yet, however, such treatment is little practiced by the growers. 



Urocystis Anemones (Pers.) Wint. The sori develop 

 in the leaf blades, petioles, and stems, forming conspicuous 

 pustules of varying shape and size, and soon disclose dusty, 

 black spore masses. The spore balls are irregular, contain 

 1-5, usually 1-2 spores, and are 22-35/x, rarely 45/x, in length. 

 The sterile cells usually incompletely cover the spores, and 

 sometimes become separated from them ; they are smoky 

 brown or yellowish tinted, ovoid to spherical, and about 8-14/i 

 in length. The spores are reddish brown, irregular, oblong 

 or ovoid to polyhedral or subspherical, smooth, and chiefly 

 \2-1Jn, rarely 20/i, in length. 



Host and Distr. : Anemone nemorosa, Milford, May, 



1 89 1 (Thaxter). 



This smut is found early in the spring, and no doubt has a 

 wider distribution and other hosts in the family Ranunculaceae 

 than that reported here. 



Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) Rab. Figs. 15, 41. The 

 sori of this smut are usually confined to the leaves, especially 

 the inner side of the leaf sheaths, but occasionally occur in 

 the culm or inflorescence ; they form linear striae of consider- 

 able length, and often are so closely placed that they merge 

 into a dusty, reddish black stratum. The spore balls are ob- 



