18 DOGS. Chap. I, 



Africa ; for Mr. E. Vernon Harcourt ® states that the Arab 

 boar-hound is " an eccentric hieroglyphic animal, such as 

 Cheops once hunted with, somewhat resembling the rough 

 Scotch deer-hound ; their tails are curled tight round on their 

 backs, and their ears stick out at right angles." With this 

 most ancient variety a pariah-like dog coexisted. 



We thus see that, at a period between four and five thou- 

 sand years ago, various breeds, viz. pariah dogs, greyhounds, 

 common hounds, mastiffs, house-dogs, laj)dogs, and turnspits, 

 existed, more or less closely resembling our present breeds. 

 But there is not sufficient evidence that any of these ancient 

 dogs belonged to the same identical sub-varieties with our 

 present dogs.'' As long as man was believed to have existed 

 on this earth only about 6000 years, this fact of the great 

 diversity of the breeds at so early a period was an argument 

 of much weight that they had proceeded from several wild 

 sources, for there would not have been sufficient time for their 

 divergence and modification. But now that we know, from 

 the discovery of flint tools embedded with the remains of 

 extinct animals in districts which have since undergone great 

 geographical changes, that man has existed for an incom- 

 parably longer period, and bearing in mind that the most 

 barbarous nations possess domestic dogs, the argument from 

 insufficient time falls awaj' greatly in value. 



Long before the period of any historical record the dog was 

 domesticated in Europe. In the Danish Middens of the Neo- 

 lithic or Newer Stone period, bones of a canine animal are 

 imbedded, and Steenstrup ing;eniously argues that these be- 

 longed to a domestic dog ; for a \evy large proportion of the 

 bones of birds preserved in the refuse consists of long bones, 

 which it was found on trial dogs cannot devour.* This ancient 



" ' Sporting ill Algeria,' p. 51. curl-tailed greyhound, like that repre- 



" Berjeau gives t'ac-similes of the sented on the most ancient monu- 



Egyptian drawings. Mr. C. L. Martin ments, is common in Borneo; but 



in his 'History of the Dog,' 1845, the Rajah, Sir J. Brooke, informs me 



copies sevral figures from the Egypt- that no such dog exists there, 

 ian monuments, and speaks with * These, and the following facts on 



much confidence with respect to their the Danish remains, are taken from 



identity with still living dogs. Messrs. M. Morlot's most interesting memoii 



Nott and Gliddon (' Types of Mankind, in ' Soc. Vaudoise des Sc. Nat.' torn, vi., 



1854, p. 388) give still more numerous 1860, pp. 281, 299, 320. 

 figures. Mr. Gliddon asserts that a 



