Chap. Ill, THEIR VARIATION. 93 



oth(tr dogs, or as improved pigs, according to H. von Nathusius, 

 do to common pigs.®* Eiitimeyer believes that these cattle 

 belong to the primigenius type.''^ The forehead is very short 

 and broad, with the nasal end of the skull, together with 

 the whole plane of the upper molar-teeth, curved upwards. 

 The lower jaw projects beyond the upper, and has a corre- 

 sj)onding upward curvature. It is an interesting fact that 

 an almost similar confirmation characterizes, as I am informed 

 by Dr. Falconer, the extinct and gigantic Sivatherium of 

 India, and is not known in any other ruminant. The upper 

 lip is much drawn back, the nostrils are seated high up and 

 are widely open, the eyes project outwards, and the horns 

 are large. In walking the head is carried low, and the neck 

 is short. The hind legs appear to be longer, compared with 

 the front legs, than is usual. The exposed incisor teeth, the 

 short head and upturned nostrils, give these cattle the most 

 ludicrous, self-confident air of defiance. The skull which I 

 presented to the College of Surgeons has been thus described 

 by Professor Owen : ®® " It is remarkable from the stunted 

 development of the nasals, premaxillaries, and fore-part of 

 the lower jaw, which is unusually curved upwards to come 

 into contact with the premaxillaries. The nasal bones are 

 about one-third the ordinary length, but retain almost their 

 normal breadth. The triangular vacuity is left between 

 them, the frontal and lachrymal, which latter bone articulates 

 with the premaxillary, and thus excludes the maxillary from 

 any junction with the nasal." So that even the con- 

 nexion of some of the bones is changed. Other differences 

 might be added : thus the plane of the condyles is somewhat 



^* ' Schweineschadel,' 1864, s. 104. concluded, after making nnmerous 



Nathusius states that the form of inquiries in La Plata, that the niata 



skull characteristic in the niata cattle cattle transmit their peculiarities or 



occasionally appears in European form a race. 



cattle ; but he is mistaken, as we ^^ Ueber Art des zahmen Europ. 

 shall hereafter see, in supposing that Rindes, 186G, s. 28. 

 these cattle do not form a distinct ^" ' Descriptive Cat. of Ost. Collect, 

 race. Prof Wyman, of Cambridge, of College of Surgeons,' 1853, p. 624. 

 United States, informs me that the Vasey, in his ' Delineations of the Ox- 

 common cod-fish presents a similar tribe,' has given a figure of this skull; 

 monstrosity, called by the fishermen and I sent a photograph of it to Prof. 

 " bull-dog cod." Prof. Wyman also Riitimeyer. 



