13f) STERILITY FROM Chap. XVIIL 



more than one species of this genus has produced young in London, 

 especially the Macaws rhesus, which everywhere shows a special 

 capacity to breed under confinement. Hybrids have been produced 

 both in Paris and London from this same genus. The Arabian 

 baboon, or Cynocephalus Jiamadryas, 25 and a Cercopithecus have 

 bred in tbe Zoological Gardens, and the latter species at the Duke 

 of Northumberland's. Several members of the family of Lemurs 

 have produced hybrids in the Zoological Gardens. It is much 

 more remarkable that monkeys very rarely breed when confined 

 in their native country ; thus the Cay (Ckbus azarce)is frequently 

 and completely tamed in Paraguay, but Kengger 26 says that it breeds 

 so rarely, that he never saw more than two females which had 

 produced young. A similar observation has been made with respect 

 to the monkeys which are frequently tamed by the aborigines in 

 Brazil. 27 In Amazonia, these animals are so often kept in a tame 

 state, that Mr. Bates in walking through the streets of Para counted 

 thirteen species ; but, as he asserts, they have never been known to 

 breed in captivity. 28 



Birds. 



Birds offer in some respects better evidence than quadrupeds, 

 from their breeding more rapidly and being kept in greater 

 numbers. 29 We have seen that carnivorous animals are more 

 fertile under confinement than most other mammals. The reverse 

 holds good with carnivorous birds. It is said 30 that as many 

 as eighteen species have been used in Europe for hawking, and 

 several others in Persia and India ; 31 they have been kept in their 

 native country in the finest condition, and have been flown during 

 six, eight, or nine years ; 32 yet there is no record of their having 

 ever produced young. As these birds were formerly caught whilst 

 young, at great expense, beiDg imported from Iceland, Norway, 



25 See ' Annual Reports Zoolog. species in 2 - 6 have bred at least once 



Soc' 1855, 1858,1863, 1864; 'Times' in the 20 years. Of Gallinae, 83 



newspaper, Aug. 10th, 1847; Flou- species have been kept, and 1 in2 - 7 



rens, ' De l'Instinct,' p. 85. have bred ; of 57 Gralla?, 1 in 9 have 



20 ' S'augethiere,' &c, s. 34, 49. bred; of 110 Prehensores, 1 in 22 



27 Art. Brazil, ' Penny Cyclop.,' p. have bred; of 178 Passeres, 1 in 

 363. 25*4 have bred; of 94 Accipitres, 



28 'The Naturalist on the Amazons,' 1 in 47 have bred ; of 25 Picariae, and 

 vol. i. p. 99. of 35 Herodiones, not one species in 



29 A list of the species of birds either group has bred. 



which have bred in the Zoological 80 ' Encyclop. of Rural Sports,' p. 



Gardens from 1848 to 1867 inclusive 691. 



has been published by Mr. Sclater 31 According to Sir A. Burnes 



in ' Proe. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1869, p. 626, (' Cabool,' &c, p. 51), eight species 



since the first edition of this work are used for hawking in Sinde. 

 appeared. Of Columbse 51 species 32 Loudon's 'Mag. of Nat. Hist., 



have been kept, and of Anseres 80 vol. vi., 1833, p. 110. 

 species, and in both these families, 1 



