xuv 



NATURAL SYSTEMS. 



[HoKANlNOW. 



1834. HoRAlfiHOW, PauL— {Prima Unea SysUmatls Natural, nexui iiaturali omnium 



iva per nixus reascendentes suposttucti.) 



II. r. the V. getable Kingdom is divided into 4 Circles, viz. — 



Circle 1. Sporophorae (or Acotyledon<o. 



■-'. I'seudospermae (containing Gyronosperms and Rnizantns). 



,.r Monocotyledons). 

 4. Bpennoptaone (or Dicotyledons). 



Each of these is broken up into classes. Water-lilies, Sarraceniads, Peppers and 



their allies, with Nepenthes, are placed in the third circle; while Cistusrapes and 



rtand in the fourth. The classes are in some instances extremely large, as, 



tample, the Thalamopetaleie, which contain 08 Orders, and are the equivalent of 



the Thalamifloral section of De Candolle. By this author, as by some of the German 



Naturalists, Fun-als and A lgals are expelled from the vegetable Kingdom, and forma 



pari of a kingdom of Phvtozoa; for Mr. Horaninow divides the organic world into 



tal.lt s, l'hytozoa, Animals, and Man. 



1835. Fries, Elias. — (Cvrpus Flora/nan provimcialiwm, Sueciai.) 

 In this work the author has given a general scheme of arrangement according to his 

 own peculiar views, and has applied it to the Flora of Scania. He prefaces his plan 

 with an exposition of his ideas as to the manner of constructing a Natural System, and, 

 among other things, maintains that it is more likely to be perfected by a small number 

 of good observations clearly expressed than by a multitude of them. He regards ger- 

 mination as the first in rank of all the phases of vegetable life, manner of growth second, 

 of flowering third, and of fruiting lowest of all, observing that the latter is the last stage 

 of metamorphosis, beyond which there is nothing but the seed, whose constitution has 

 nothing to do with that of the fruit The seed is the beginning of germination. He 

 rda the fruit as of importance in distinguishing Orders, and employs three forms 

 of it. to which paramount importance is assignable] These are 1, simple, with a central 

 placenta ; J. apocarpous, with the carpels disjoined ; and 3, syncarpous, in which the 

 carpels are all consolidated. The first he divides into a, with one stigma, and b, with 

 two "r more stigmas. The following is the general plan of his system, in wluch those 

 numbers and letters have the value just assigned to them. 



Class I. DICOTYLEDONS. 



1 01th genuine, complete, with a thickened disk for the insertion of the petals and stamens. 



Stamens inserted, 



B. on the Receptacle. II. Thalamifi.or*. 

 b. amphiffynout. 



V. liASIFLOR*. 



1. o, Berberidece 



6. Crucif 



1 paveracete 



b. Rammeolaceae 



aniineae 



C. on the ( alvx. III. CaXYCIFIORA 

 b. iimphigynous. 



VIII. TORIFLOR*. 



I. <■• 1 • -uminosa; 

 liriiji 



6. r 



'.'. Senticosae 

 3. Paronychiea? 



c. hypogynous. 



VI. CoLL'MNIFLOR*. 



a. C'istineae 

 6. Tiliaceae 



Hvpericinea; 

 a. Gniinales 

 6. Malvaceae 



Caryophylleae 



c. hypogynout. 



IX. Centriflor.€. 



1. a. Ericina? 

 6. Empetreae 



Aquitoliaceae 



2. Enphorbiaceae 



3. Polygoneae 

 Chenopodeae 





