130 



l'ANDANACE^E. 



[E.NDOGFIXS. 



Order XXXVII. PANDANACEJE— Screwpines. 



lindanes, R. Brown, Prodr. 340. (1810); De Cand. Propr. Med. 278 (1816); Agardh Aph. 183. 

 (1822)- Gaudiehaud in Ann. des Sc. 3. 509. (1824); Schoti 'ft Endhche.r Mcletemata p. 15. (1832). 

 J?ncH. ien. lxxiv. ; Meisner, p. 359 ; KiMi/ft Emim. 3. 93 ; B<-«n<» in Horsfield, PI. Jay. 32; Blume 

 Rumphia, 1. 155.-t'yclanthea;, /^<'<„, in Mem. Mu*. 9. 34. (1822); Schottet Endhcker, Melete- 

 mata,p.\b. (1832); afarffcw Cotupectut, No. 22. (1835).— Cyclanthacea:, ed. pr.— Freycmetiea>, 

 Ad. Brongn. tableau xv. (1843). 



Diagnosis.— Aral Endogens, with numerous naked or seedy flowers, arranged on a spadix 

 covered by many spatlies, stalked anthers, loose seeds, and a solid minute embryo. 



Trees or bushes, sometimes sending down aerial roots, sometimes weak and decumbent. 

 Leaves imbricated, in three rows, long, linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul, with their margins 

 almost always spiny ; or pinnated, or fan-shaped ; the latter being true leaves, the former, 

 perhaps, mere leaf-stalks. Floral leaves l 



smaller, often coloured, and spathaceous. 



Flowers £ $ or polygamous, naked, 

 or furnished with a few scales, arranged 

 on a wholly covered spadix. $ : Stamens 

 numerous." Filaments with single an- 

 thers ; anthers 2-4-celled. <j> : ovaries 

 usually collected hi parcels, 1 -celled ; 

 stigmas as many as the ovaries, ses- 

 sile ; ovules solitary, attached to the 

 suture, or very numerous, and spring- 

 ing from as many parietal placentas as 

 there are styles, anatropal. Fruit 

 either fibrous drupes, usually collected in 

 parcels, each 1-seeded ; or many-celled 

 berries, with polyspermous cells. Albu- 

 men fleshy, with a minute embryo at the 

 base next the hilum, not slit on one side. 



Although this Order is certainly very 

 distinct from Arads, it is by no means 

 easy to define its limits. Blume says 

 it is principally known by its numerous 

 snathes to each spadix, and its nar- 

 row, sessile, 3-rowed leaves, spiny at 

 the back and edge, (Rumphia 2. 155); 

 but this applies only to Pandanese pro- 

 per, for the Cyclantheous division has 

 the flabellate or pinnate foliage of Palms, 

 and to all appearance establishes the con- 

 nection between the Aral and Palmal 

 Alliances. 



The species of Pandanus and Frcyci- 

 netia have the aspect of gigantic Brome- 

 lias, lica ring the flowers of a Spargani- 

 um. While there is no analogy with the 

 former in structure beyond the general 

 appearance of the foliage ; the organisa- 

 tion of the fructification bears so near a 

 resemblance to the latter as to have led 

 to the combination of Screwpines and 

 Typhads by botanists of the first autho- 

 rity. But when we contrast the naked 

 I lowers, the compound highly-developed 

 fruit, the spathaceous bracts, the entire embryo, and the arborescent habit of the for- 



Fig.LXXXVHT. 



1 1g. I.XXXV1II. — 1. A Pandanus ; 2. a stamen of Freycinetia imbricata ; 3. an ovary of ditto ; 4. 

 the transverse section of the same ; 5. a perpendicular section of its seed.— Blume. 



