C s A I I S. ] 



* « * I C N I \< 1.1 





Inhabitants of the forests of all the ten 

 and New World ; extremely common in Europe, A n.,aii i 

 in Barbary and Chile, and the southern parts of Soutli \i 

 Cape. Tin species which are found within 

 the tropica ol either hemisphere are cliiefly ^ Bfl( 



I and ( Chestnuts, which abound in tlie 



high lands, but are unknown in the valleys 

 of equatorial regions. The most southern 

 genus is the Beech, of which many Bpeeies 

 occur in the lower pari-- ol South America, 

 and in Nan Diemens Land, and Ne« 

 Zealand. Of tlie former, Fagus procera 

 is said to I"- a larger tree than the Arau- 

 caria itself, in whose country it grows 



VMM. 



Ail Order which comprehends the Oak, 

 the Hazel Nut, the Beech, and the Spanish 

 Chestnut, can scarcely require much to be 



I to a European reader of it^ proper! 

 which are ol I 10 common a use to 

 unknown even to the most ignorant 

 Whatever excellence maybe found in the 

 timber of the European Bpecii a is not at 

 all inferior in thai of hotter countr 

 Blume tells us thai his Lithocarpus javensis 

 is called Paasan-Batu, or Stone-oak, because 

 of us hardness. The leaves of Quercus 

 falcata are employed, on account of their 

 Bstringency, externally in cases of gan- 

 grene ; and the aame astringent principle, 

 which pervades all the Order, has caused 

 them to be employed even as febrifu 

 tonics, and stomachics. Cork is the hark 

 Sulx r ; it contains a peculiar 

 principle called Suberin, and an acid call >1 

 the Suberic The galls that writing ink is 

 prepared from arc the produce of the Quer- 

 cus infect. iria, from which they derive their 

 astringency. The a. orns of a species known 

 in the Levant under the name of Velonia | Quercus £gilops) are imported I" r tlie i 

 dyi rs. The fixed acids, calli d Quercitannic and Gallic, which have tie- p »w< i 

 ing animal and vegetable fibre from decaj , are abundant in many of the < >.. 

 is therefore invaluable for tanning. The yellow dyeing bark, call. .1 Qui r 

 to Q tmctoria. The husks of the common Beech-tree yield a i 

 sailed Fagine. The Bweetness of Spanish Chestnuts and I 

 the nuts of those trees ; the other Bpeeies ofCastaneaand Corylu 

 respect, as do the Beech and many sorts of Oak, 

 acorns are the Belotes of Spain, and a variety of Q. sessiliflora, whicl 

 th.- .l'.-eiilus of Virgil. The bark of the <>:... has been employi 

 febrifuge. In hot weather a large quantity of saccharine matter 

 leaves of Q. mannifera, in Koordistan, where it is made into 

 tained from the seeds of some Bpeeies, Buch as the Bi ech aud 1! 







(.1 NEK \. 



l . / 



chintu, II \ i Q 



....I I. 



Carplnus, i. 

 p. 



(Vnh. 



N 



Calutparatsv r, 1 1 .\. .i 



Position. Jugland 



■ 



and cupula of Q 

 showing the lobed 



