338 



VIOLACEtE. 



[Hypogynous Exogens. 



Order CXVI. VIOLACE.E.— Violetworts. 



Lindl.Synops.3b. (1829.) 



Diagnosis.- Violal Exogens, uith polypetalous flowers, a many-leaved calyx , hypogyncms 

 petals, stamen all perfect, anthers crested and turned mvwds, consohdated frmt, 



nSi:^Zs S Z d L^, Leaves simple, nsnally -1^ ™£"2£*£ 

 stipulate, with an involute vernation. Inflorescence various. Sepals 5, persistent, « ith 



Fig. CCXXX. 



au imbricate aestiva- 

 tion, usually elongat- 

 ed at the base. Petals 

 5, hypogynous, equal 

 or unequal, usually 

 withering, and with 

 au obliquely convo- 

 lute aestivation. Sta- 

 mens 5, alternate 

 Fig. CCXXXII. with the petals, oc- 



casionally opposite them, inserted on a hypogynous 

 disk, often unequal ; anthers 2-celled, bursting 

 inwards, either separate or cohering, and lying 

 close upon the ovary; filaments dilated, lengthened 

 beyond the anthers ; two, hi the irregular flowers, 

 generally furnished with an appendage or gland at 

 their base. Ovary 1 -celled, many-seeded, or rarely 

 1 -seeded, with 3 parietal placenta opposite the 

 3 outer sepals ; style single, usually decimate with an oblique hooded stigma ; ovules 

 anatropal/ Capsule of 3 valves, bearing the placenta m their axis. Seed ,00, or e 

 m.e, roundish or -.vinged, often with a tumour at their base ; embryo straight, erect, in 



the axis of fleshy albumen. .u~ oa «n+ViPrs turn 



The Violetworts are distinctly defined by then- definite stamens, whose anther to 

 inwards, and extend their connective into a crest ; but the irregularity of then flowers , 



V\ u rrxxx -CorvuostvlisHybanthus. 1. a s*t of stamens, each having the connective le^ne' 1 

 beyo^thf^r^^of&e; 2. a spurred petal , 3. a transverse sect.on of an ovary, sho» - 

 Kg the three parietal placentae . 4. a ripe fruit ; 5. an embryo, f ; 



Fig. CCXXXI.-Side view of the flower of Viola tncolor. Fig. ( < xxxu. 



Fig. CCXXXI. 



