456 RUTALES. [Hypogynous Exogexs. 



Alliance XXXV. RUTALES.— The Rdtal Alliance. 



Diagnosis —Hypogynous Exogens, with monodichlamydcous symmetrical flowers, axile 

 placenta, an imbricated calyx and corolla, definite stamens, and an embryo vnth 

 little or no albumen. 



The larger part of this Alliance might and even has been regarded as one Natural 

 Order, and by all Botanists the members of it are placed in very close relationship, 

 with the exception of Waterpeppers and Podostemads. The two latter are, however, 

 so very like degraded forms of Rueworts, that I cannot but regard them as standing m 

 the same relation to Rutals as Hippurids to the Myrtal Alliance. They are, however, 

 in tracing affinities, to be looked upon as mere lateral offshoots from some of the higher 

 Orders, and not as either terminating a line or completing a circle of affinities. 



Strictly speaking, the Rutal Alliance touches the Erical by means of Rueworts 

 themselves, among which Correa assumes the appearance of an Andromeda ; in like 

 manner it does not pass into the Geranial Alliance by way of Podostemads, but through 

 Beaneapers, which stand close to Oxalids, or even Cranesbills, of which they have the 



3 terebinths approach the genus Juglans in the Diclinous series, through such of their 

 unisexual genera as Pistacia. 



Natural Orders of Rutals. 



Fruit consolidated, succulent, indehiscent. Petals imbricated.'] ]70 Auraxtiace^:. 



Stamens free, or nearly so. Leaves dotted J 



Fruit consolidated, hard, dry, somewhat valvular. Petals * ?c * ; - \ 171. Amyridacejc. 



vate. Stamens free. Leaves generally dotted J 



F-uit consolidated, capsular. Stamens deeply monadelphous or~\ 172 _ CedrelacEjE . 



free. Seeds numerous, winged J 



Fruit consolidated, berried or capsular. Stamens deeply mona-\ ^^ Meliacejs. 



delphous. Seeds few, wingless. Leaves dotlcss J 



Fruit apocarpous. Ovule single, suspended by a cord rising "I 174> Anacardiacej5 . 



from the base of the carpel J 



Fruit apocarpous. Ovules collateral, ascending, orthotropal,\ 17fi _ Connarace-e. 



sessile J 



Fruit finally apocarpvus, few-seeded, with the pericarp s«i>«-l 176> r UTACEjE . 



rating in two layers. Ovules sessile, pendulous. Flowers Q . J 

 Fruit finally apocarpous, few-seeded, with the pericarp sepa-\ lJ7 Xanthoxylacejs. 



rating in two layers. Ovules sessile,pendulous. Floivers $ - Q - ? . J 

 Fruit finally apocarpous, one-seeded, with the pericarp not lami- \ ^^ Ochnacejj. 



nating, and a succulent conical torus J 



Fruit finally apocarpous, one-seeded, with the pericarp not lami- 1 

 nating, and a dry inconspicuous torus. Albumen wanting. U79. Simarubaceju 

 Leaves alternate, without stipules J 



Fruit finally apocarpous, few-seeded, with the pericarp »>«*] _ m 



laminating, and a dry inconspicuous torus. Albumen present. U80. Zygophyllace*. 

 Leaves opposite, with stipules J 



Fruit finally apocarpous, many-seeded. Flowers polypetalous . .181. Elatinacejs. 



Fruit finally apocarpous, many-seeded. Flowers apetalous, very "I 182 p 0D0S temace*. 

 imperfect J 



