472 



XANTHOXYLACEyE. 



[Hypogynous Exogens. 



Order CLXXVII. XANTHOXYLACE^.-Xanthoxyls. 



Terebintace*, Juss. Gen 368. ffi*^*^^^^^ 



Diagnosis -JZ«ta* &W, •« a few-seeded fi-uit which finally becomes apocarpous and 

 TpZtesTpfrTcarp 'into distinct layers, sessile pendulous ovules, and ?-$-* 

 flowers. . , 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves without stipules, alternate or ^opposite ^uher smjple ox- 

 more commonly abruptly or unequally pinnate, with pellucid dots. Flowers axillary 

 terminal, gray, green, or pink, 



?-$-(?, regular. Sepals im- c&fril*, # 



bricated, 3, or more com- 

 monly 4 or 5. Petals the 

 same number, very rarely 

 none, usually longer than the 

 calyx ; aestivation generally 

 imbricated. Stamens equal 

 to the petals in number, or 

 twice as many, arising from 

 around the base of the stalk 

 of the abortive carpels ; in 

 the <j> wanting or imperfect. 



Ovary made up of the same number of carpels as 

 there are petals, or of a smaller number, either alto- 

 gether combined, or more or less distinct ; ovules 

 in each cell 2, collateral, or one above the other, 

 very seldom 4 ; styles more or less combined, ac- 

 cording to the degree of cohesion of the carpels. 

 Fruit either berried or membranous, sometimes of 

 from 2 to 5 cells, sometimes consisting of several 

 drupes or 2-valved capsules, of which the sarcocarp 

 is fleshy and partly separable from the endocarp. 

 Seeds solitary or twin, pendulous, usually smooth 

 and shining, with a testaceous integument ; embryo 

 lying within fleshy albumen ; radicle superior ; 

 cotvledons ovate, flat. 



If we neglect the constant tendency which the 

 Order of Xanthoxyls has to produce unisexual 

 flowers, we shall have no good character to distin- 

 guish it from Rueworts. If the dry apocarpous, 

 dehiseent character of the fruit is left out of consi- 

 deration it will merge in Citronworts, among 

 which Luvunga climbs like a Xanthoxylum. Cor- 

 rea de Serra has also pointed out a passage from 

 one to the other through Cookia. « A mixture of 

 bitter and aromatic principles, the presence of re- 

 ceptacles of oil that are scattered over every part, 

 which give a pellucid dotted appearance to the 

 leaves, and which cover the rind of the fruit with 

 opaque spaces,-all these characters give the two families a ^^^^^{^ 

 logy This has already been indicated by Jussieu in speaking oi Toddaha, and in lis 

 remarks upon the families of Citronworts and Anacards ; and it is confirmed by he 

 continual mixture, in all large herbaria, of unexamined plants of Anacards, Xantho- 

 xyls, and Citronworts. The fruit of the latter is, however, extremely different , their 

 see(i resembling, as they do, Anacards, are on that very account at variance *itn 

 Xanthosis, but W at the same time establish a further point of affinity between <£em 

 and some Rutaceous plants which are destitute of albumen. Unisexual flowers, truit 

 separating into distinct cocci, seeds solitary or twin in those cocci, inclosing a iisu aU} 



FigCCCXXVII.-Toddaliafloribunda. 1. a flower; 2. a pair of carpels, one of which showsltl 

 ovule ; 3. fruits ; 4. a perpendicular section of one of them. 







Fig. CCCXXVII. 



