602 



LOGANIACE/E 



[Perigykous Exogens. 



Order CCXXXII. LOGANIACEjE.— Loganiads. 



Logauie*. Jl. Brown in Flinders, (1814) ; Von Martius N. Gen. et Sp. PI. 2 133 ; BartU Ord Nat. 205 ; 

 g ArJtt in Edinb. Encyel. 120,-Loganiaces, Ed. Pr. ccxxiv. ; Endl Gm. .*BU\ ™lProd£*^ 

 -Potaliace*. Brownin Tuckey, 449. a»m.-Po^ex,UaHiuiN.Q.aSp^.9l.andl^l»^, 

 RoyU mu*tr. m^bydmaces, Bhnne Bijdr. 1018. (1826) ;«*. """^f^r^^l 

 i>C' T/,<WiY ed. 1. 217. (1813).- Spigeliacea:, Martius h. G. el Sp.2.132. (1828) , Ed. pr. ccxxi. , 

 Endl. Gen. cxxxv. ; Meisuer p. 258.— Ccelostyleae, £«<«. firaeft.cxxxin. 



Diagnosis.— Gentianal Exogens, with opposite leaves j,nd intervening stipules.^ 

 Shrubs, herbaceous plants, or trees. Leaves opposite, entire, usually with stipules, 

 which adhere to the leafstalks or are combined in the form of interpetiolary sheaths. 



Flowers racemose, corymbose, or solitary. Calyx valvate 

 or imbricated, inferior, 4- 5-parted. Corolla regular or 

 irrecnilar, 4- 5- or 10-cleft, with valvate or convolute {esti- 

 vation. Stamens arising from the corolla, all placed upon 

 the same line, and not always symmetrical with the divisions 

 of the corolla ; pollen with 3 bands. Ovary superior, 1- 

 celled, (3, or spuriously 4-celled); style continuous ; stigma 

 simple ; ovules 00 or solitary, peltate and amphitropal, or 

 ascending and anatropal. Fruit either capsular and L- 

 celled with placentas finally becoming loose ; or drupaceous, 

 with 1- or 2-seeded stones; or berried with the seeds im- 

 mersed in pulp. Seeds sometimes winged, usually peltate ; 

 albumen fleshy or cartilaginous ; embryo small, with the 

 radicle turned towards the hiluni or parallel with it. 



It is not clear, from the remarks upon Logama, by Brown 

 in his Prodromus, whether he intended to establish this 

 Order or not. He states that he has placed Logama at the 

 end of Gentianworts, on account of some affinity between 

 it and Exacum and Mitrasacme, and also because it 

 does not answer ill to the artificial character of that Order; 

 adding that it, however, might have a still closer connec- 

 tion with Dogbanes and with Usteria among Cinchonads. 

 He further points out the close relation of Gemostoma to 

 Logania, and concludes by inquiring whether those 2 

 genera do not, with Anasser, Fagrsea, and Usteria, form 

 an Order intermediate between Dogbanes and Cinchonads. 

 This view has been adopted by Von Martius, who however excludes Fagrnea, which he 

 rfLm? hi* PotoKse -he founds the distinction of that Order upon the want of 

 tSZS!Si!£SSZ 'of tlie calyx, corolla, and stamens, upon the aestivation of 

 CSS Sg^nvohite, not contorted, and in the px^xc* of -tg*"*^ 

 intemetiolarv sheaths. Mr. Arnott remarked to me (letter, Dec. WSo) that tne vxaer 

 r v Te in some res ects looked upon as consisting of Cinchonads with superior fruit. 

 M^ce^amEfoVof the ginera has entirely confirmed £ ^J* *H 

 i „+ « v ,0 o ;n with inv clearness how Logamads diner Irom uogoanes. up<m 



S^?5ft£fcS words of M. Alph. De Candolle. «I must confess that 

 Thave^ sWhtKin ftTaposxtive distinction, to which there shall be no exception, 

 i I ™r>nlhl es ai d Loeaniads. The position of the flower with respect to the axis 

 apSSbSfsa^e, flECS say, a re-entering angle of the calyx stands next the 

 aXCt of the cells of the fruit with respect to the axis varies among Logamads,as 

 does the istiva on rf the corolla and many other characters. The grams of pollen are 

 does the ^au°n observations of Mr. Hassall. 



■TheSeS^DogbL^Cre securely fastened "to the edges of the earpellary 

 SveSlo not separate irom them when the fruit is ripe, as generally happens more 

 o?2 SstinctfvamL Loganiads ; but the placenta of Strychnos is exactly that of 

 CarSa Doo-banes have a milky juice ; but exceptions to that are said to occur, as 1 1 

 Uinssa. uo^Danes na j j (liffcrem . es which I can point out are of aparti- 



Echites lor instance Jgg^SSL, although of some value in botanical phid 

 Ihv fee^StleS of the variations presented by Dogbanes and Loga- 

 sopny. ines e icsiut ■ isomerous in the calyx, corolla, and sta- 



;:::£; £ ssx g^g^j ; <■ <■» ■«» **•»>■»> ^ ■*-- h "t 



Fig. CCCC VII— Logania floribunda. 1 . a corolla cut open ; 2. a pistil. 



CCCCVII. 



i 



