122 VEGETABLE ORGANOGK APHY. 



foliaceous. The examples of petals changed into leaves, 

 though more rare, are more demonstrative. The follow- 

 ing are some cases : — 



1st. In gardens there is cultivated a monstrosity of 

 the Gilliflower (Hesperis matronalis), the flowers of 

 which are replaced by a multitude of foliaceous organs 

 which are in an intermediate state between petals and 

 leaves, so that we can only consider these flowers as 

 double ones with semifoliaceous petals. Several double 

 varieties of Anemone, Ranunculus, &c. present this phe- 

 nomenon ; and I have observed flowers of the Fraxinella 

 {Dictamnus albus) of which all the floral organs, increased 

 in number as in the preceding case, have taken the ap- 

 pearance of leaves. 



2d. Simple flowers also present this phenomenon, 

 although more seldom : I have found in the salt marshes 

 between Dieuze and Moyenvic a monstrosity of Ranun- 

 culus Philonotis, in which the petals were green, and pro- 

 vided with stomata like leaves, whilst the rest of the 

 flower was in the natural state. 



3d. Dumas and Keeper have both found a monstro- 

 sity of Campanula rapunculoides, which is of great im- 

 portance in the study of the structure of flowers. This 

 Campanula presents sometimes upon the same plant 

 flowers in the ordinary state, others where the petals 

 are transformed into leaves, and others also where the 

 petals and stamens, and even the carpels, are changed 

 into leaves. 



I have observed a very analogous fact in Anemone 

 nemorosa. The flowers were disfigured by the transforma- 

 tion into leaves of most of their organs, but the anthers 

 still remaining here and there, clearly showed the primi- 

 tive character of these organs. M. Bridel has observed 

 a very similar fact in Erysimum officinale, where most 

 of the floral parts were transformed into leaves. Cassini 



