1G6 VEGETABLE ORGANOGRAPHY. 



the ovary is usually very smooth, and is thus distin- 

 guished from the calyx. Outside this disc formed by 

 the ovary, we find a small circular zone, which is the 

 trace of the point where the torus terminates. This 

 zone is very easily perceived when, as in the Pomaceae, 

 the stamens are more or less persistent on the fruit, or, 

 as in the Campanulaceae, where the corolla itself is per- 

 sistent ; it is also very visible when, as in several Cucur- 

 bitaceae, it increases after flowering : I suspect that it is 

 the torus, perhaps, which is prolonged a little after the 

 flowering, and forms, in the Rubiacea?, the little cup 

 which is found between the limb of the calyx and the 

 base of the style. In most adherent fruits this zone, 

 produced by the torus, is effaced at maturity. 



The disc, formed by the naked part of the ovary, the 

 zone, produced by the torus, and especially the rest of the 

 free part of the calyx which remains, or leaves, at least, 

 some trace at the top of the fruit, form by their union 

 what is called the Eye, visible in this class of fruits, for 

 example, in the Pear. 



The tube of the calyx, united with the ovary, may, 

 according to its texture, be moulded to the form of the 

 fruit, or compel the fruit to take its form; but most 

 usually the two bodies are modified a little in their 

 general form. Its texture is also variable : sometimes 

 it remains foliaceous or membranous, and then the fruit 

 is dry ; at other times it becomes fleshy with the ovaries, 

 and sometimes grows to a considerable size ; most fre- 

 quently it is impossible, in adherent fleshy fruits, to dis- 

 tinguish which is the part which is transformed into 

 flesh ; thus, in the Pear, for example, it may be either 

 the development of the sarcocarp of the carpels, or of 

 the torus, or of the calyx, or, what is most probable, of 

 all the parts at once. 



The adhesion of the calycinal tube with the ovary is 



