286 VEGETABLE ORGANOGRAPHY. 



terminating the branch in the form of a very sharp 

 cone. 



4th. When the stipules adhere to the petiole, these 

 two organs, united into one, form the scales of the buds, 

 which are then called Fulcraceous ; this happens in 

 most Rosaceae ; these kinds of scales frequently have 

 three lobes or teeth, which indicate the origin of the 

 scale, formed by the petiole and the two stipules 

 united together. (PL 15, figs. 4, 5, 6.) 



Monocotyledonous trees, or palms, have buds exactly 

 resembling the preceding as to their origin ; they are of 

 the petiolaceous class : it may be said that the tops of 

 Draccena, and other trees of this kind, have foliaceous 

 buds ; but these are the only classes of buds which can 

 be found among Monocotyledons, because the stipules 

 are wanting here, and, consequently, stipulaceous and 

 fulcraceous ones are impossible to be met with. 



In perennial herbs the shoots perish each year, or at 

 least after each flowering, and new ones are developed, 

 which spring from the permanent part of the stem un- 

 derground, or on a level with the surface, and which is 

 usually confounded with the root. These new shoots 

 often proceed from buds which are named Turiones, 

 which, considered as to the origin of their scales, pre- 

 sent the same varieties as the buds of trees. Thus, in 

 Dicotyledons, we may say that foliaceous turiones are 

 met with in Asters, petiolaceous ones in Paeonies, (PI. 

 15, figs. 1, 2, 3,) and fulcraceous ones in Potentilla. I 

 do not know any example of purely stipulaceous turi- 

 ones, for all of the families furnished with them have 

 only herbaceous species ; but their existence is not im- 

 probable, and it might be said that Salix herbacea has 

 them when its stem is subterranean. 



Among Monocotyledons it may also be said that the 

 scales of the bulb of the Lily are simple leaves, which 



