;ill\ altciuliiiL; llic woods ol lolilcriin^ trees. lUsides sevei';il species ol .S>(//.r iiuiv, ;is llie 

 most c()ns|)it'U()Us speiMcs here, lje ineiitioiied: 



liosd pimpincllifolid. Irifoliiiin pntlcnse. At/iimoiiid pilosa. ()ii(/iiiiiiiii i>til(/(irc. 

 llillHTiciiiu hirsuliiiii. Iliipciiriim rli-qans. (ifnli<tn(t nuirrophiilln. l-'ntf/tiivt tx-scit. (iitUniu 

 I'cruni. (idliiiiii horcdlc. liliiciirrliizn didlrnsis. Liiidiiii I'dlifdiis. I'liiiuihi nfficindlis nar. 

 ludrnn-dhix. Dcljihininn) i/rddilifliiruiu. ddinpdiiuhi sihiriin. ('.dDipaimld (iloiiicnild. 

 I'olippild cninosuiu foniid. Iluhus sdxdlilis. Aslcr dlj)imis. luiplinisia Itildiicd. I'oa diiinid. 

 Tiisi'liiin fldix'scriis siihspcc ropiosiiin iioii suhspi'c.. Aiilhoxanlhuin odoialtim. 

 Evhinospcnnum IjippuUi lutr. dnisdCdiUliiim. (jirddininc iiiipdlicns. Lillxispcnudn) 

 officindlc, Sciopluildiid iioilosd. Androsdccs uillosa ixii: (Idsiiphijlla. (ii'm/iiiim sihiiKiim. 

 Aiu'iui puhcsvcns. Malricdiid Inodoni. Viold niirdhili'' ixir. .sdhfildbni. lidiiuncdliis 

 duricdiniis. liunici Acelosclhi. liuiiwx dii/olius. ('.hriisdnlhciniini l.cucdnllieinuiu ixir. 

 iiculidimin. Achilhxi iinpdiicn.s. Allium lineure. Pnhitioiidliuu (tlJiciiudc. Alliiini odoiuiii. 

 ^Icdicdcjo pldtijcarpti. Mcdicdfio lnf)nlina. Fcstucd clidiur. Sih'itr rcpcns. Sili-iic injldtn. 

 Lcunuins Udaiiciis. Iris luthcnivd. Scpeld luidd. ;iiul Aconihini Ixirlxduiu. 



About the village of Karatus, the character of the scenery is changed. As far as this 

 place, the land is open to the view, beailng, in spite of a soniewiial higher degree of 

 moisture, the impress of the neighbouring large steppes. There is also an indication of 

 this in the character of the fauna worth mentioning, for all the way between Minusinsk 

 and Karatus may be observed great numbers of small rodents, the so-called 

 <vS u s c h 1 i s k» (Spenuophiliis enersmannii), typical animals of the steppe, and their 

 innumerable holes in the ground. 



About Karatus these small animals also disappear. Here the way leads into the 

 valley of the river Amy], with very rugged surroundings, where the solid rock begins to 

 appear. The lofty hills and steep mountain sides are clothed with an exceedingly rich 

 tree vegetation, chiefly consisting of birch, alder, and other foliage trees, but also 

 gradually of spruce and pine, being the first indications of the proximity of the primeval 

 forest. Here the first eruptive rocks are also to be seen bursting forth, and red Devonian 

 sandstone-cliffs occur, alternating with higher eruptive masses, not unfrequently with 

 larger and smaller flakes of Devonian sandstone shooting forth on the sides. 



The flora here is — as might also be expected — much varying and luxuriant. 

 Ihe vegetation of the steppe and that of the foliferous trees meet in this zone the moist 

 and shade-seeking vegetation of the coniferous forest. The varying geological subsoil, 

 the great heat, and considerable moisture are factors whieii combine to an exception- 

 ally luxuriant flora with a great variety of species. 



Besides most of the plants already mentioned, there are frequently to be met with 

 in Ihickels and on hillsides: 



Melandrijuin album. Epilobium luu/ustifolium. Gcuui Alcppicum. Vicid silixitica. 

 Vicia sepium. Vicid cnurd. Aconitum bdilxitum. Ranunculus arris. Ranunculus 

 polyanihemos. Eriqeron aver. /'. poliius. Polenlilla norvegica f. (fenuina. Inula 

 .■ialiriud. Vernnini Cluimdcdriis. Chriisanthemum Lcucdnlhrmum txir. irrulianum. 



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