luonlaniim, Hpilobnim (tnf/iislifoliiiin, I'liroUi rolitndifolid ixir. iiumnnld. Hiibus idncits, 

 Sciaphuldrid nodosa. (Auuixunda glomcnda. (Udium bovcitlc. I'liiidiimi iKjuilinum. 

 Pltildnlhrid bifoUa. Ilii-niciiiin sprc. l-'iiii/diid lu-scd. Sdf/ind protiinibrn.s. Mdjaiillicmiiii) 

 bifoliiiin. luipbnisid hirb'Ua. SlcUmin Biingediid vitr. bilifolid. Saxifrcif/tt cnissi folia . 

 \'<icciiiiiim I'ih's idiu-d. and Vdcciniiiin MijiliUus. 



In thicUels of S(di.v, on dcclivilies facing the river, tlicic is to l)c t'ouiul here a 

 denso vci,'eti>tion nearly of a man's liei^hl, ciiiefly eonsislinq of (jibiiiKK/ioslis I'piiiriox 

 as the dominant plant. 



.■.mnv^-sfft ■<r.i\<}.usiuwM 



l-'i^. 31. Hillside near Kalnn, with thicket of Salix and Biiula 

 puhesceiis, with a very dense and luxuriant underf^rowlh, chiefly con- 

 sisting of Cakimac/roslis epigeios, reaching nearly the height of a man. 



In its upper course, the Ainyl has the character of a mountain river. The bound- 

 ary between Siberia and the Urjankai country here roughly follows the watershed, 

 which the traveller passes by this route through the Algiac Pass, the height of which is 

 only 1413 ni. above sea-level, and is accordingly situated below the limit of tree vege- 

 tation, for which reason the plants may also be spread by this way. In the main, 

 the flora on the south side of the mountain agrees with the one on the north side; at any 

 rate in the moist subalpine wooded regions, the flora seemed to have the same character. 



Nor are the Sayansk mountains an isolated ridge, but may really be said to form a 

 ramified mountain range, the spurs of which reach nearly to the same height as the 

 watershed itself, both on the north and the south side of it. The greater part of tlie 

 Urjankai country is traversed by these mountain masses. 



From the Algiac Pass, the land .slopes gradually southwards, forming, as it were, 

 the first terrace from the Siberian lowland up towards the Mongolian tableland. 



55 



