as on llic Doia Sicppc. Made use ol' duiiii^ llicir iclif^ious rcrcmoiiics. and said lo occur 

 on llii" niounlains near 1)\'. 



Dish il)ulion: I'.aslcrn poilions of Silicria. and norlli-wcslorii Monj^olia. 



Piiiiis sih-fslris 1.. Spec. PI. cd. II (17(i:{) p. 1 11<S; Lcdcii. I-I. All. IV. p. 10<); Turczan. 

 Cat. Haical. no. 1()(.S; Lcdch. Fl. Hoss. III. p. (171; Turczan. I'l. Paical.-Daliur. (1851,11) 

 1). 115. no. 1071; i;|,i,i.i, 'I-.i A.ii. \ll(l(lll)p. 1727. 



Rather common in Ilic region cxi)lored. Prcfcnini; dry. rallicr .sandv f^roimd. Irc- 

 ipicnliy I'ormini; woods on liie extensive moraines, he il innnin^led. or accompanying 

 various roiil'erous trees, parlicularly the a.sp and hirch, or — as is the case at Ust Sisti- 

 keni and on [he Dora Steppe — accompanying the larch. Not ohserved ])v me anvwhere 

 ascending very high up the mountains. Reaching up to 1100 m. ahove sea-level, near 

 Ust Algiac. Rather common in sandy places on the steppes ahoul Minusinsk. 



Distribution: Northern and middle Europe, norlhern .\sia. .Sihi'ria. nortiiern .Mon- 

 golia, the Amoor Province, Manchooria. 



Pimis Ccinbra L. Spec. PI. ed. II (1763) p. 1419; Ledeb. Fl. .\!l. IV. p. 200; Turczan. 

 Cat. Baical. no. 1070; Karel. et. Kiril. Enum. PI. Fl. Alt. no. 8215; Ecdeh. Fl. Ross. III. p. 

 673; Turczan. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. (1854, II) p. 414, no. 1070. 



siibspec. sibirica Rupr. in Fl. Boi-eali-Uralensis (1856) p. 43; lipi.i.i. $.i. A.n. 

 VII (1914) p. 1721. Piniis sibirica Mayr, FremdlJindische Wald- und Parkbaume fiir 

 Europa (1906) p. 388. 



Very common in the wood region of the territory traversed, from Kushabar and 

 further southwards, preferring moist, or even nearly swampy places. Rarely to be found 

 in dry situations. Not observed anywhere by me forming woods, but dispersed in woods 

 of Abies sibirica and Picea obovata, or accompanying various foliferous trees, especially 

 Popiilus Idurifolia. Popiiliis Irciuiilti. the bircli. etc. These trees, with their large bushy 

 crowns rising higher than the wood standing around, give the scenery a wild and ragged 

 appearance. Trees belonging to this species may attain gigantic dimensions. In the moist 

 taiga between Kushabar and Petropawdowsk. I rather frequently met with trees towards 

 2 ni. in diameter, and over 30 m. high. (See Fig. 19, 22, and 24). On the mountains, at 

 any rale in moister places, it ascends higher up than any other conifer, reaching in the 

 Altaian up to 1700 or 1800 m. above sea-level. In similar silualions the trees are lower, 

 with tortous and twisted trunks, shorter leaves, and smaller, broadly ovate cones, to 7 

 cm. long for. coro/ia/js Litw. I'ninii.iii riirHi|K-i;iri i.-CTpb-iM, Tp\ a. Uniair. M\.:. IlMiicpai-. Ai;a,T,. 

 HavK'h. T. XI (19i:5) p. 20— -Ji;. 



The seeds of this species are roasted by the natives, and extensively used for food. 

 44iis tree is called <<,keder» — cedar — In' the Russians, a name also used by mc in 

 this publication, in spite of its being no genuine cedar. 



Distribution: Northern and eastern Russia, Siberia, northern Mongolia. 



111 



